View:
Download DOC
Download PDF
Download XLS
Download XBRL
Document
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
or
 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 1-6686
https://cdn.kscope.io/59e9b1ffd82443da6d567e8dd4ce2477-ipglogo61617.jpg
THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
13-1024020
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

909 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 704-1200
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
 
ý
 
Accelerated filer
 
¨
Non-accelerated filer
 
¨
 
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
 
¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨    No ý

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of July 14, 2017 was 393,268,676.


INDEX
 
Page
Item 1.
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 and 2016
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 6.
INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING DISCLOSURE
This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. Statements in this report that are not historical facts, including statements about management’s beliefs and expectations, constitute forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “estimate,” “continue” or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and are subject to change based on a number of factors, including those outlined under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any of them in light of new information or future events.
Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
•
potential effects of a challenging economy, for example, on the demand for our advertising and marketing services, on our clients’ financial condition and on our business or financial condition;
•
our ability to attract new clients and retain existing clients;
•
our ability to retain and attract key employees;
•
risks associated with assumptions we make in connection with our critical accounting estimates, including changes in assumptions associated with any effects of a weakened economy;
•
potential adverse effects if we are required to recognize impairment charges or other adverse accounting-related developments;
•
risks associated with the effects of global, national and regional economic and political conditions, including counterparty risks and fluctuations in economic growth rates, interest rates and currency exchange rates; and
•
developments from changes in the regulatory and legal environment for advertising and marketing and communications services companies around the world.
Investors should carefully consider these factors and the additional risk factors outlined in more detail under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K.

1
Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements (Unaudited)
THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
REVENUE
$
1,884.9

 
$
1,917.9

 
$
3,638.8

 
$
3,659.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OPERATING EXPENSES:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and related expenses
1,239.3

 
1,229.5

 
2,514.7

 
2,498.3

Office and general expenses
439.1

 
464.1

 
887.9

 
914.3

Total operating expenses
1,678.4

 
1,693.6

 
3,402.6

 
3,412.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OPERATING INCOME
206.5

 
224.3

 
236.2

 
247.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(25.7
)
 
(24.5
)
 
(46.6
)
 
(47.1
)
Interest income
4.7

 
5.6

 
9.9

 
11.4

Other (expense) income, net
(15.4
)
 
0.4

 
(14.6
)
 
(18.8
)
Total (expenses) and other income
(36.4
)
 
(18.5
)
 
(51.3
)
 
(54.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
170.1

 
205.8

 
184.9

 
192.8

Provision for income taxes
75.4

 
43.7

 
73.3

 
28.1

Income of consolidated companies
94.7

 
162.1

 
111.6

 
164.7

Equity in net (loss) income of unconsolidated affiliates
(0.1
)
 
(1.9
)
 
1.1

 
(1.8
)
NET INCOME
94.6

 
160.2

 
112.7

 
162.9

Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests
0.1

 
(3.3
)
 
3.5

 
(0.6
)
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO IPG COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
$
94.7

 
$
156.9

 
$
116.2

 
$
162.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.24

 
$
0.39

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.41

Diluted
$
0.24

 
$
0.38

 
$
0.29

 
$
0.40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
392.3

 
400.1

 
392.0

 
400.4

Diluted
400.3

 
409.8

 
399.6

 
409.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends declared per common share
$
0.18

 
$
0.15

 
$
0.36

 
$
0.30

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

2
Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
NET INCOME
$
94.6

 
$
160.2

 
$
112.7

 
$
162.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
32.6

 
(17.8
)
 
84.8

 
39.1

Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income
0.7

 
7.5

 
0.3

 
6.5

 
33.3

 
(10.3
)
 
85.1

 
45.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in fair value of available-for-sale securities
0.0

 
0.1

 
0.1

 
0.2

Recognition of previously unrealized gains in net income
0.0

 
(1.2
)
 
0.0

 
(1.2
)
 
0.0

 
(1.1
)
 
0.1

 
(1.0
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Recognition of previously unrealized losses in net income
0.6

 
0.5

 
1.1

 
1.0

Income tax effect
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(0.4
)
 
0.4

 
0.3

 
0.7

 
0.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial gains for the period
0.8

 
0.6

 
0.8

 
0.8

Amortization of unrecognized losses, transition obligation and prior service cost included in net income
1.8

 
(0.2
)
 
3.5

 
2.5

Settlement and curtailment losses included in net income
0.0

 
0.2

 
0.0

 
0.2

Other
(0.4
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.6
)
 
0.0

Income tax effect
(0.5
)
 
0.2

 
(0.6
)
 
(0.5
)
 
1.7

 
0.7

 
3.1

 
3.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
35.4

 
(10.4
)
 
89.0

 
48.2

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
130.0

 
149.8

 
201.7

 
211.1

Less: comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
0.1

 
2.7

 
(2.8
)
 
0.5

COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IPG
$
129.9

 
$
147.1

 
$
204.5

 
$
210.6


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

3
Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
ASSETS:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
657.6

 
$
1,097.6

Marketable securities
3.2

 
3.0

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $56.8 and $55.7, respectively
3,762.2

 
4,389.7

Expenditures billable to clients
1,720.7

 
1,518.1

Assets held for sale
19.7

 
203.2

Other current assets
323.1

 
226.4

Total current assets
6,486.5

 
7,438.0

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $1,020.7
and $961.6, respectively
635.0

 
622.0

Deferred income taxes
260.9

 
220.3

Goodwill
3,753.1

 
3,674.4

Other non-current assets
542.7

 
530.5

TOTAL ASSETS
$
11,678.2

 
$
12,485.2

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
5,872.0

 
$
6,303.6

Accrued liabilities
513.1

 
794.0

Short-term borrowings
237.7

 
85.7

Current portion of long-term debt
301.7

 
323.9

Liabilities held for sale
21.7

 
198.8

Total current liabilities
6,946.2

 
7,706.0

Long-term debt
1,283.1

 
1,280.7

Deferred compensation
461.8

 
480.7

Other non-current liabilities
731.4

 
708.3

TOTAL LIABILITIES
9,422.5

 
10,175.7

 
 
 
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (see Note 4)
243.4

 
252.8

 
 
 
 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
 
 
 
Common stock
39.9

 
39.4

Additional paid-in capital
1,220.2

 
1,199.2

Retained earnings
1,774.9

 
1,804.3

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
(874.2
)
 
(962.5
)
 
2,160.8

 
2,080.4

Less: Treasury stock
(178.3
)
 
(63.3
)
Total IPG stockholders’ equity
1,982.5

 
2,017.1

Noncontrolling interests
29.8

 
39.6

TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
2,012.3

 
2,056.7

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
$
11,678.2

 
$
12,485.2

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

4
Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)
 
Six months ended
June 30,
  
2017
 
2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Net income
$
112.7

 
$
162.9

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets
82.3

 
77.8

Provision for uncollectible receivables
8.6

 
7.6

Amortization of restricted stock and other non-cash compensation
46.0

 
39.9

Net amortization of bond discounts and deferred financing costs
2.8

 
2.8

Deferred income tax provision (benefit)
1.5

 
(4.2
)
Net losses on sales of businesses
12.2

 
20.0

Other
10.2

 
28.7

Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures, providing (using) cash:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
769.7

 
428.2

Expenditures billable to clients
(165.3
)
 
(110.8
)
Other current assets
(82.0
)
 
(33.3
)
Accounts payable
(622.9
)
 
(848.7
)
Accrued liabilities
(313.9
)
 
(251.8
)
Other non-current assets and liabilities
(15.0
)
 
(72.9
)
Net cash used in operating activities
(153.1
)
 
(553.8
)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
(68.9
)
 
(63.0
)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(12.6
)
 
(34.3
)
Other investing activities
(14.5
)
 
(4.9
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(96.0
)
 
(102.2
)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
Common stock dividends
(141.4
)
 
(120.1
)
Repurchases of common stock
(115.0
)
 
(112.5
)
Tax payments for employee shares withheld
(37.8
)
 
(22.7
)
Acquisition-related payments
(36.3
)
 
(29.2
)
Repayment of long-term debt
(23.6
)
 
(1.0
)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests
(10.9
)
 
(7.2
)
Net increase in short-term borrowings
153.5

 
55.0

Exercise of stock options
11.8

 
9.8

Other financing activities
0.3

 
0.9

Net cash used in financing activities
(199.4
)
 
(227.0
)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
8.2

 
52.6

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(440.3
)
 
(830.4
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
1,100.2

 
1,506.1

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$
659.9

 
$
675.7


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

5
Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated 
Other
Comprehensive
Loss, Net of Tax
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Total IPG
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance at December 31, 2016
394.3

 
$
39.4

 
$
1,199.2

 
$
1,804.3

 
$
(962.5
)
 
$
(63.3
)
 
$
2,017.1

 
$
39.6

 
$
2,056.7

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
116.2

 
 
 
 
 
116.2

 
(3.5
)
 
112.7

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
88.3

 
 
 
88.3

 
0.7

 
89.0

Reclassifications related to redeemable
    noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
5.0

 
5.0

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(11.4
)
 
(11.4
)
Change in redemption value of redeemable
    noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3.4
)
 
 
 
 
 
(3.4
)
 
 
 
(3.4
)
Repurchases of common stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(115.0
)
 
(115.0
)
 
 
 
(115.0
)
Common stock dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
(141.4
)
 
 
 
 
 
(141.4
)
 
 
 
(141.4
)
Stock-based compensation
5.5

 
0.6

 
47.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
47.9

 
 
 
47.9

Exercise of stock options
1.1

 
0.1

 
11.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11.9

 
 
 
11.9

Shares withheld for taxes
(1.6
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(38.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(38.4
)
 
 
 
(38.4
)
Other
 
 
 
 
0.1

 
(0.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
(0.7
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(1.3
)
Balance at June 30, 2017
399.3

 
$
39.9

 
$
1,220.2

 
$
1,774.9

 
$
(874.2
)
 
$
(178.3
)
 
$
1,982.5

 
$
29.8

 
$
2,012.3

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

6
Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY – (CONTINUED)
(Amounts in Millions)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Common Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated 
Other
Comprehensive
Loss, Net of Tax
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Total IPG
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Noncontrolling
Interests
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
404.4

 
$
40.4

 
$
1,404.1

 
$
1,437.6

 
$
(845.6
)
 
$
(71.0
)
 
$
1,965.5

 
$
36.3

 
$
2,001.8

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
162.3

 
 
 
 
 
162.3

 
0.6

 
162.9

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48.3

 
 
 
48.3

 
(0.1
)
 
48.2

Reclassifications related to redeemable
    noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.5

 
2.5

Distributions to noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7.2
)
 
(7.2
)
Change in redemption value of redeemable
    noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
(3.9
)
 
 
 
(3.9
)
Repurchases of common stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(112.5
)
 
(112.5
)
 
 
 
(112.5
)
Common stock dividends
 
 
 
 
 
 
(120.1
)
 
 
 
 
 
(120.1
)
 
 
 
(120.1
)
Stock-based compensation
3.3

 
0.3

 
67.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
67.7

 
 
 
67.7

Exercise of stock options
1.1

 
0.1

 
9.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9.8

 
 
 
9.8

Shares withheld for taxes
(1.0
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(22.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(22.7
)
 
 
 
(22.7
)
Other
 
 
 
 
1.8

 
(0.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
1.2

 
0.4

 
1.6

Balance at June 30, 2016
407.8

 
$
40.7

 
$
1,460.4

 
$
1,475.3

 
$
(797.3
)
 
$
(183.5
)
 
$
1,995.6

 
$
32.5

 
$
2,028.1

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

7
Table of Contents

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)
Note 1:  Basis of Presentation
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company," "IPG," "we," "us" or "our") in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") for reporting interim financial information on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and disclosures required for complete financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported and disclosed. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. The consolidated results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year and should be read in conjunction with our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In the opinion of management, these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the information for each period contained therein. Certain reclassifications and immaterial revisions have been made to prior-period financial statements to conform to the current-period presentation.

Note 2:  Debt and Credit Arrangements
Long-Term Debt
A summary of the carrying amounts and fair values of our long-term debt is listed below.
 
Effective
Interest Rate
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Book
Value
 
Fair
Value 1
 
Book
Value
 
Fair
Value 1
2.25% Senior Notes due 2017 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.0 and $0.2, respectively)
2.30%
 
$
299.8

 
$
300.5

 
$
299.4

 
$
301.4

4.00% Senior Notes due 2022 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $1.5 and $1.2, respectively)
4.13%
 
247.3

 
259.0

 
247.0

 
258.4

3.75% Senior Notes due 2023 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.9 and $2.3, respectively)
4.32%
 
496.8

 
521.0

 
496.6

 
503.3

4.20% Senior Notes due 2024 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.7 and $2.8, respectively)
4.24%
 
496.5

 
526.6

 
496.2

 
511.6

Other notes payable and capitalized leases
 
 
44.4

 
44.4

 
65.4

 
65.4

Total long-term debt
 
 
1,584.8

 
 
 
1,604.6

 
 
Less: current portion
 
 
301.7

 
 
 
323.9

 
 
Long-term debt, excluding current portion
 
 
$
1,283.1

 
 
 
$
1,280.7

 
 
 
1
See Note 11 for information on the fair value measurement of our long-term debt.
Credit Agreements
We maintain a committed corporate credit facility, which has been amended and restated from time to time (the "Credit Agreement"). We use our Credit Agreement to increase our financial flexibility, to provide letters of credit primarily to support obligations of our subsidiaries and to support our commercial paper program. The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, expiring in October 2020, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $1,000.0, or the equivalent in other specified currencies. The Company has the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0, provided the Company receives commitments for such increases and satisfies certain other conditions. The aggregate available amount of letters of credit outstanding may decrease or increase, subject to a sublimit on letters of credit of $200.0, or the equivalent in other specified currencies. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unsecured. As of June 30, 2017, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement; however, we had $8.4 of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, which reduced our total availability to $991.6. We were in compliance with all of our covenants in the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2017.
We also have uncommitted lines of credit with various banks which permit borrowings at variable interest rates and which are primarily used to fund working capital needs. We have guaranteed the repayment of some of these borrowings made by certain

8
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


subsidiaries. If we lose access to these credit lines, we would have to provide funding directly to some of our international operations. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had uncommitted lines of credit in an aggregate amount of $906.5, under which we had outstanding borrowings of $237.7 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding during the second quarter of 2017 was $457.6, with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 2.2%.
Commercial Paper
In June 2017, the Company established a commercial paper program under which the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1,000.0. Borrowings under the program are supported by the Credit Agreement described above. Proceeds of the commercial paper will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness and other short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. As of June 30, 2017, there was no commercial paper outstanding. From the date the program was first utilized through June 30, 2017, the average amount outstanding under the program was $203.7, with a weighted-average interest rate of 1.4% and a weighted-average maturity of seven days.

Note 3:  Earnings Per Share
The following sets forth basic and diluted earnings per common share available to IPG common stockholders.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net income available to IPG common stockholders
$
94.7

 
$
156.9

 
$
116.2

 
$
162.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic
392.3

 
400.1

 
392.0

 
400.4

Add: Effect of dilutive securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       Restricted stock, stock options and other equity awards
8.0

 
9.7

 
7.6

 
9.0

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted
400.3

 
409.8

 
399.6

 
409.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
       Basic
$
0.24

 
$
0.39

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.41

       Diluted
$
0.24

 
$
0.38

 
$
0.29

 
$
0.40


Note 4:  Acquisitions
We continue to evaluate strategic opportunities to expand our industry expertise, strengthen our position in high-growth and key strategic geographical markets and industry sectors, advance our technological capabilities and improve our operational efficiency through both acquisitions and increased ownership interests in current investments. Our acquisitions typically provide for an initial payment at the time of closing and additional contingent purchase price payments based on the future performance of the acquired entity. We have entered into agreements that may require us to purchase additional equity interests in certain consolidated and unconsolidated subsidiaries. The amounts at which we record these transactions in our financial statements are based on estimates of the future financial performance of the acquired entity, the timing of the exercise of these rights, foreign currency exchange rates and other factors.
During the first half of 2017, we completed three acquisitions, including a content creation and marketing agency based in the Netherlands, an independent media agency and digital consultancy based in Finland, and an integrated marketing communications agency based in Canada. All three of our acquisitions were included in the Integrated Agency Networks ("IAN") operating segment. During the first half of 2017, we recorded approximately $22.9 of goodwill and intangible assets related to our acquisitions.
During the first half of 2016, we completed four acquisitions, including a product and service design consultancy based in the U.S., an integrated healthcare marketing communications agency based in the U.S., a content creation and digital agency with offices in the U.S. and the U.K., and a mobile consultancy and application development agency based in the U.K. Of our four acquisitions, one was included in the IAN operating segment, and three were included in the Constituency Management Group ("CMG") operating segment. During the first half of 2016, we recorded approximately $75.7 of goodwill and intangible assets related to our acquisitions, primarily in CMG.

9
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


The results of operations of our acquired companies were included in our consolidated results from the closing date of each acquisition. Details of cash paid for current and prior years' acquisitions are listed below.
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Cost of investment: current-year acquisitions
$
14.8

 
$
36.5

Cost of investment: prior-year acquisitions
37.1

 
29.7

Less: net cash acquired
(3.0
)
 
(2.7
)
Total cost of investment
48.9

 
63.5

Operating payments 1
34.7

 
17.4

Total cash paid for acquisitions 2
$
83.6

 
$
80.9

 
1
Represents cash payments for amounts that have been recognized in operating expenses since the date of acquisition either relating to adjustments to estimates in excess of the initial value of contingent payments recorded or were contingent upon the future employment of the former owners of the acquired companies. Amounts are reflected in the operating section of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
2
Of the total cash paid for acquisitions, $12.6 and $34.3 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are classified under the investing section of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, as acquisitions, net of cash acquired. These amounts relate to initial payments for new transactions. Of the total cash paid for acquisitions, $36.3 and $29.2 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, are classified under the financing section of the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as acquisition-related payments. These amounts relate to deferred payments and increases in our ownership interest for prior acquisitions.
Many of our acquisitions include provisions under which the noncontrolling equity owners may require us to purchase additional interests in a subsidiary at their discretion. Redeemable noncontrolling interests are adjusted quarterly to their estimated redemption value, but not less than their initial fair value. Any adjustments to the redemption value impact retained earnings, except for foreign currency translation adjustments.
The following table presents changes in our redeemable noncontrolling interests.
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Balance at beginning of period
$
252.8

 
$
251.9

Change in related noncontrolling interests balance
(6.5
)
 
(2.6
)
Changes in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
Additions
3.0

 
0.0

Redemptions and other
(13.2
)
 
(9.7
)
Redemption value adjustments
7.3

 
6.7

Balance at end of period
$
243.4

 
$
246.3


Note 5:  Supplementary Data
Accrued Liabilities
The following table presents the components of accrued liabilities.
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Salaries, benefits and related expenses
$
301.4

 
$
499.0

Acquisition obligations
56.8

 
77.5

Office and related expenses
45.4

 
46.7

Interest
17.1

 
17.3

Other
92.4

 
153.5

Total accrued liabilities
$
513.1

 
$
794.0



10
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Other (Expense) Income, Net
Results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net losses on sales of businesses and investments
$
(13.1
)
 
$
(2.2
)
 
$
(12.1
)
 
$
(18.5
)
Other (expense) income, net
(2.3
)
 
2.6

 
(2.5
)
 
(0.3
)
Total other (expense) income, net
$
(15.4
)
 
$
0.4

 
$
(14.6
)
 
$
(18.8
)
Net Losses on Sales of Businesses and Investments – During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the amounts recognized were related to sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of accounts receivable and accounts payable, respectively, as held for sale within our IAN operating segment.

Share Repurchase Program
In February 2017, our Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized a new share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $300.0, excluding fees, of our common stock, which was in addition to the remaining amount available to be repurchased from the $300.0 authorization made by the Board in February 2016.
We may effect such repurchases through open market purchases, trading plans established in accordance with SEC rules, derivative transactions or other means. We expect to continue to repurchase our common stock in future periods, although the timing and amount of the repurchases will depend on market conditions and other funding requirements.
The following table presents our share repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
Number of shares repurchased
4.8

 
5.0

Aggregate cost, including fees
$
115.0

 
$
112.5

Average price per share, including fees
$
24.13

 
$
22.47

As of June 30, 2017, $340.4, excluding fees, remains available for repurchase under the share repurchase programs. The share repurchase programs have no expiration date.

Note 6:  Income Taxes
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, our effective income tax rates of 44.3% and 39.6%, respectively, were negatively impacted by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances and by losses on sales of businesses, and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, for which we did not receive a full tax benefit. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, our effective income tax rate was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which is typically recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards.
We have various tax years under examination by tax authorities in various countries, and in various states, such as New York, in which we have significant business operations. It is not yet known whether these examinations will, in the aggregate, result in our paying additional taxes. We believe our tax reserves are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments in each of the jurisdictions in which we are subject to taxation. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional tax assessments in those jurisdictions and, if necessary, adjust our reserves as additional information or events require.
With respect to all tax years open to examination by U.S. federal, various state and local, and non-U.S. tax authorities, we currently anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by an amount between $25.0 and $35.0 in the next twelve months, a portion of which will affect our effective income tax rate, primarily as a result of the settlement of tax examinations and the lapsing of statutes of limitations.

11
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


We are effectively settled with respect to U.S. federal income tax audits through 2012, with the exception of 2009. With limited exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local income tax audits for years prior to 2007 or non-U.S. income tax audits for years prior to 2006.

Note 7:  Incentive Compensation Plans
We issue stock-based compensation and cash awards to our employees under a plan established by the Compensation and Leadership Talent Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”) and approved by our shareholders.
We issued the following stock-based awards under the 2014 Performance Incentive Plan (the "2014 PIP") during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
 
Awards
 
Weighted-average
grant-date fair value
(per award)
Stock-settled awards
0.8

 
$
24.26

Performance-based awards
4.8

 
$
20.06

Total stock-based compensation awards
5.6

 
 
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Compensation Committee granted performance cash awards and restricted cash awards under the 2014 PIP with a total target value of $54.2 and $2.3, respectively. Cash awards are expensed over the vesting period, which is typically three years.

Note 8:  Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax
The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component.
 
Foreign Currency
Translation Adjustments
 
Available-for-Sale
Securities
 
Derivative
Instruments
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016
$
(716.7
)
 
$
0.6

 
$
(8.4
)
 
$
(238.0
)
 
$
(962.5
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
84.1

 
0.1

 
0.0

 
0.4

 
84.6

Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
0.3

 
0.0

 
0.7

 
2.7

 
3.7

Balance as of June 30, 2017
$
(632.3
)
 
$
0.7

 
$
(7.7
)
 
$
(234.9
)
 
$
(874.2
)
 
Foreign Currency
Translation Adjustments
 
Available-for-Sale
Securities
 
Derivative
Instruments
 
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2015
$
(665.6
)
 
$
1.3

 
$
(9.6
)
 
$
(171.7
)
 
$
(845.6
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
39.2

 
0.2

 
0.0

 
0.9

 
40.3

Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
6.5

 
(1.2
)
 
0.6

 
2.1

 
8.0

Balance as of June 30, 2016
$
(619.9
)
 
$
0.3

 
$
(9.0
)
 
$
(168.7
)
 
$
(797.3
)

12
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments 1
$
0.7

 
$
7.5

 
$
0.3

 
$
6.5

 
Other (expense) income, net
Gains on available-for-sale securities
0.0

 
(1.2
)
 
0.0

 
(1.2
)
 
Other (expense) income, net
Losses on derivative instruments
0.6

 
0.5

 
1.1

 
1.0

 
Interest expense
Amortization of defined benefit pension and postretirement plan items
1.8

 
0.0

 
3.5

 
2.7

 
Other (expense) income, net
Tax effect
(0.6
)
 
0.1

 
(1.2
)
 
(1.0
)
 
Provision for income taxes
Total amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
$
2.5

 
$
6.9

 
$
3.7

 
$
8.0

 
 
 
1
These foreign currency translation adjustments are primarily a result of the sales of businesses.
 
Note 9:  Employee Benefits
We have a defined benefit pension plan that covers certain U.S. employees (the “Domestic Pension Plan”). We also have numerous funded and unfunded plans outside the U.S. The Interpublic Limited Pension Plan in the U.K. is a defined benefit plan and is our most material foreign pension plan in terms of the benefit obligation and plan assets. Some of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries provide postretirement health benefits and life insurance to eligible employees and, in certain cases, their dependents. The domestic postretirement benefit plan is our most material postretirement benefit plan in terms of the benefit obligation. Certain immaterial foreign pension and postretirement benefit plans have been excluded from the table below.
The components of net periodic cost for the Domestic Pension Plan, the significant foreign pension plans and the domestic postretirement benefit plan are listed below.
 
Domestic Pension Plan
 
Foreign Pension Plans
 
Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Three months ended June 30,
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Service cost
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
1.0

 
$
2.2

 
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

Interest cost
1.2

 
1.5

 
3.3

 
4.7

 
0.3

 
0.3

Expected return on plan assets
(1.5
)
 
(1.7
)
 
(4.4
)
 
(5.3
)
 
0.0

 
0.0

Settlements and curtailments
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.2

 
0.0

 
0.0

Amortization of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service cost
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.1

Unrecognized actuarial losses
0.4

 
(1.2
)
 
1.4

 
0.9

 
0.0

 
0.0

Net periodic cost
$
0.1

 
$
(1.4
)
 
$
1.3

 
$
2.7

 
$
0.3

 
$
0.4



13
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
Domestic Pension Plan
 
Foreign Pension Plans
 
Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Six months ended June 30,
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Service cost
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
1.9

 
$
4.9

 
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

Interest cost
2.5

 
3.0

 
6.6

 
9.2

 
0.6

 
0.7

Expected return on plan assets
(3.1
)
 
(3.4
)
 
(8.7
)
 
(10.6
)
 
0.0

 
0.0

Settlements and curtailments
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.2

 
0.0

 
0.0

Amortization of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service cost
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

Unrecognized actuarial losses
0.8

 
0.7

 
2.7

 
1.8

 
0.0

 
0.0

Net periodic cost
$
0.2

 
$
0.3

 
$
2.5

 
$
5.5

 
$
0.6

 
$
0.7

The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item “Other (expense) income, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we contributed $0.3 and $8.6 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively. For the remainder of 2017, we expect to contribute approximately $2.0 and $9.0 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively.


14
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Note 10:  Segment Information
As of June 30, 2017, we have two reportable segments: IAN and CMG. IAN is comprised of McCann Worldgroup, Foote, Cone & Belding ("FCB"), MullenLowe Group, IPG Mediabrands, our digital specialist agencies and our domestic integrated agencies. CMG is comprised of a number of our specialist marketing services offerings. We also report results for the “Corporate and other” group. The profitability measure employed by our chief operating decision maker for allocating resources to operating divisions and assessing operating division performance is segment operating income (loss). Segment information is presented consistently with the basis described in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following tables.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IAN
$
1,537.8

 
$
1,548.5

 
$
2,945.4

 
$
2,950.1

CMG
347.1

 
369.4

 
693.4

 
709.8

Total
$
1,884.9

 
$
1,917.9

 
$
3,638.8

 
$
3,659.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment operating income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IAN
$
174.4

 
$
198.2

 
$
218.2

 
$
240.0

CMG
53.9

 
50.0

 
77.3

 
70.4

Corporate and other
(21.8
)
 
(23.9
)
 
(59.3
)
 
(63.1
)
Total
206.5

 
224.3

 
236.2

 
247.3

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
(25.7
)
 
(24.5
)
 
(46.6
)
 
(47.1
)
Interest income
4.7

 
5.6

 
9.9

 
11.4

Other (expense) income, net
(15.4
)
 
0.4

 
(14.6
)
 
(18.8
)
Income before income taxes
$
170.1

 
$
205.8

 
$
184.9

 
$
192.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IAN
$
30.6

 
$
29.2

 
$
60.1

 
$
56.8

CMG
5.3

 
4.9

 
10.6

 
9.7

Corporate and other
5.4

 
5.7

 
11.6

 
11.3

Total
$
41.3

 
$
39.8

 
$
82.3

 
$
77.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IAN
$
31.4

 
$
26.9

 
$
48.6

 
$
47.2

CMG
4.0

 
2.2

 
6.7

 
3.7

Corporate and other
8.7

 
6.9

 
13.6

 
12.1

Total
$
44.1

 
$
36.0

 
$
68.9

 
$
63.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
 
 
 
 
Total assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IAN
$
10,282.4

 
$
10,660.0

 
 
 
 
CMG
1,402.3

 
1,428.3

 
 
 
 
Corporate and other
(6.5
)
 
396.9

 
 
 
 
Total
$
11,678.2

 
$
12,485.2

 
 
 
 
 


15
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Note 11:  Fair Value Measurements
Authoritative guidance for fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1
 
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
 
 
Level 2
 
Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
 
 
 
Level 3
 
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Financial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
We primarily apply the market approach to determine the fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no changes to our valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial instruments during the six months ended June 30, 2017. The following tables present information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.
 
June 30, 2017
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
$
176.7

 
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
176.7

 
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term marketable securities
3.2

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
3.2

 
Marketable securities
Long-term investments
0.4

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.4

 
Other non-current assets
Total
$
180.3

 
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
180.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As a percentage of total assets
1.5
%
 
0.0
%
 
0.0
%
 
1.5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent acquisition obligations 1
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
157.0

 
$
157.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Balance Sheet Classification
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
$
440.8

 
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
440.8

 
Cash and cash equivalents
Short-term marketable securities
3.0

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
3.0

 
Marketable securities
Long-term investments
0.4

 
0.0

 
0.0

 
0.4

 
Other non-current assets
Total
$
444.2

 
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
444.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As a percentage of total assets
3.6
%
 
0.0
%
 
0.0
%
 
3.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingent acquisition obligations 1
$
0.0

 
$
0.0

 
$
205.4

 
$
205.4

 
 
 
1
Contingent acquisition obligations includes deferred acquisition payments and unconditional obligations to purchase additional noncontrolling equity shares of consolidated subsidiaries. Fair value measurement of the obligations is based upon actual and projected operating performance targets as specified in the related agreements. The decrease in this balance of $48.4 from December 31, 2016 to June 30, 2017 is primarily due to payments of $75.2, partially offset by acquisitions and exercised options of $16.3. The amounts payable within the next twelve months are classified in accrued liabilities; any amounts payable thereafter are classified in other non-current liabilities.

16
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Financial Instruments that are not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents information about our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Total long-term debt
$
0.0

 
$
1,607.1

 
$
44.4

 
$
1,651.5

 
$
0.0

 
$
1,574.7

 
$
65.4

 
$
1,640.1

Our long-term debt is comprised of senior notes and other notes payable. The fair value of our senior notes traded over-the-counter is based on quoted prices for such securities, but for which fair value can also be derived from inputs that are readily observable. Therefore, these senior notes are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Our other notes payable are not actively traded, and their fair value is not solely derived from readily observable inputs. Thus, the fair value of our other notes payable is determined based on proprietary valuation methods and therefore are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 2 for further information on our long-term debt.
Non-financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, primarily accrued restructuring charges.
Non-financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis
Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily goodwill, intangible assets, and property and equipment. Accordingly, these assets are not measured and adjusted to fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to periodic evaluations for potential impairment.

Note 12:  Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Matters
We are involved in various legal proceedings, and subject to investigations, inspections, audits, inquiries and similar actions by governmental authorities, arising in the normal course of business. The types of allegations that arise in connection with such legal proceedings may vary in nature, but can include claims related to contract, employment, tax and intellectual property matters. We evaluate all cases each reporting period and record liabilities for losses from legal proceedings when we determine that it is probable that the outcome in a legal proceeding will be unfavorable and the amount, or potential range, of loss can be reasonably estimated. In certain cases, we cannot reasonably estimate the potential loss because, for example, the litigation is in its early stages. While any outcome related to litigation or such governmental proceedings in which we are involved cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
As previously disclosed, on April 10, 2015, a federal judge in Brazil authorized the search of the records of an agency's offices in São Paulo and Brasilia, in connection with an ongoing investigation by Brazilian authorities involving payments potentially connected to local government contracts. The Company had previously investigated the matter and taken a number of remedial and disciplinary actions. The Company is in the process of concluding a settlement related to these matters with government agencies.
The Company confirmed that one of its standalone domestic agencies has been contacted by the Department of Justice Antitrust Division for documents regarding video production practices and is cooperating with the government.
Guarantees
As discussed in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we have guaranteed certain obligations of our subsidiaries relating principally to operating leases and uncommitted lines of credit of certain subsidiaries. The amount of parent company guarantees on lease obligations was $824.1 and $857.3 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and the amount of parent company guarantees primarily relating to uncommitted lines of credit was $399.8 and $395.6 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

Note 13:  Recent Accounting Standards
Accounting pronouncements not listed below were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

17
Table of Contents
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Pensions
In March 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued amended guidance which requires presentation of all net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs, other than service costs, in non-operating expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. We have early adopted this amended guidance retrospectively as of the quarter ended March 31, 2017 using the practical expedient, which permits the use of amounts disclosed in our Employee Benefits note for prior comparative periods as the estimation basis for applying the retrospective presentation requirements. This resulted in the reclassification of a portion of postretirement costs/(benefits) from "Salaries and related expenses" to "Other (expense) income, net" in the amount of $0.8 and ($0.5) for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1.6 for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
Restricted Cash
In November 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance which requires that the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows present the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. We have early adopted this amended guidance retrospectively as of the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 now include restricted cash balances of $2.5 and $3.2, respectively, in the beginning-of-period totals and $2.3 and $3.1, respectively, in the end-of-period totals.
Financial Instrument Credit Losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on the accounting for credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables. The new model uses a forward-looking expected loss method, as opposed to the incurred loss method in current U.S. GAAP, which will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. This amended guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted as early as January 1, 2019. We are currently assessing the impact the adoption of the amended guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance on lease accounting which requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability on its balance sheet for virtually all of its leases with a term of more than 12 months, including those classified as operating leases. Both the asset and liability will initially be measured at the present value of the future minimum lease payments, with the asset being subject to adjustments such as initial direct costs. Consistent with current U.S. GAAP, the presentation of expenses and cash flows will depend primarily on the classification of the lease as either a finance or an operating lease. The new standard also requires additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases in order to provide additional information about the nature of an organization’s leasing activities. This amended guidance, which will be effective beginning January 1, 2019, requires modified retrospective application, with early adoption permitted. We expect the adoption of this amended guidance to have a significant impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheets but not on our Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Fair Value Measurements
In January 2016, the FASB issued amended guidance which updates the fair value presentation requirements for certain financial instruments. Equity investments with readily determinable fair values, other than those accounted for using the equity method of accounting, will be measured at fair value with changes recorded through current earnings rather than other comprehensive income. This amended guidance will be effective for us beginning January 1, 2018, and is required to be adopted prospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, if applicable. We do not expect the adoption of this amended guidance to have a significant impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition
In May 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance on revenue recognition which requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. We expect to adopt the standard, which is effective January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method; however, that determination is subject to the completion of our analysis of certain items. While we continue to assess all potential impacts of the standard, we currently expect an impact to the timing of revenue recognition between quarters, primarily as a result of estimating variable consideration. We have determined that the standard will result in an increase in the number of performance obligations within certain of our contractual arrangements. The standard will also result in an increase in third party costs being included in revenue, primarily in connection with our events businesses, and certain out-of-pocket expenses reimbursed by clients no longer being included in revenue, the results of which will have no impact on operating income or net income. Additionally, we continue to evaluate the disclosures that may be required.

18
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)

Item 2.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to help you understand The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company," "IPG," "we," "us" or "our"). MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included in this report and our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as our other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Our Annual Report includes additional information about our significant accounting policies and practices as well as details about the most significant risks and uncertainties associated with our financial and operating results. Our MD&A includes the following sections:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY provides a discussion about our strategic outlook, factors influencing our business and an overview of our results of operations.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS provides an analysis of the consolidated and segment results of operations for the periods presented.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES provides an overview of our cash flows, funding requirements, financing and sources of funds, and debt credit ratings.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES provides an update to the discussion in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K of our accounting policies that require critical judgment, assumptions and estimates.
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, by reference to Note 13 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, provides a discussion of certain accounting standards that have been recently adopted or that have not yet been required to be implemented and may be applicable to our future operations.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
We are one of the world’s premier global advertising and marketing services companies. Our companies specialize in consumer advertising, digital marketing, media planning and buying, public relations and specialized communications disciplines. Our agencies create customized marketing programs for clients that range in scale from large global marketers to regional and local clients. Comprehensive global services are critical to effectively serve our multinational and local clients in markets throughout the world as they seek to build brands, increase sales of their products and services, and gain market share.
We operate in a media landscape that continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Media channels continue to fragment, and clients face an increasingly complex consumer environment. To stay ahead of these challenges and to achieve our objectives, we have made and continue to make investments in creative and strategic talent in areas including fast-growth digital marketing channels, high-growth geographic regions and strategic world markets. We consistently review opportunities within our Company to enhance our operations through mergers and strategic alliances as well as through the development of internal programs that encourage intra-company collaboration. As appropriate, we also develop relationships with technology and emerging media companies that are building leading-edge marketing tools that complement our agencies' skill sets and capabilities.
Our financial goals include competitive organic revenue growth and operating margin expansion, which we expect will further strengthen our balance sheet and total liquidity and increase value to our shareholders. Accordingly, we remain focused on meeting the evolving needs of our clients while concurrently managing our cost structure. We continually seek greater efficiency in the delivery of our services, focusing on more effective resource utilization, including the productivity of our employees, real estate, information technology and shared services, such as finance, human resources and legal. The improvements we have made and continue to make in our financial reporting and business information systems in recent years allow us more timely and actionable insights from our global operations. Our disciplined approach to our balance sheet and liquidity provides us with a solid financial foundation and financial flexibility to manage and grow our business. We believe that our strategy and execution position us to meet our financial goals and to deliver long-term shareholder value.
The following tables present a summary of financial performance for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2017
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2017
% Increase/(Decrease)
Total
 
Organic
 
Total
 
Organic
Revenue
(1.7
)%
 
0.4
 %
 
(0.6
)%
 
1.5
 %
Salaries and related expenses
0.8
 %
 
3.1
 %
 
0.7
 %
 
3.0
 %
Office and general expenses
(5.4
)%
 
(2.7
)%
 
(2.9
)%
 
(0.2
)%

19
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Operating margin
11.0
%
 
11.7
%
 
6.5
%
 
6.8
%
Expenses as % of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and related expenses
65.7
%
 
64.1
%
 
69.1
%
 
68.3
%
Office and general expenses
23.3
%
 
24.2
%
 
24.4
%
 
25.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income available to IPG common stockholders
$
94.7

 
$
156.9

 
$
116.2

 
$
162.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.24

 
$
0.39

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.41

Diluted
$
0.24

 
$
0.38

 
$
0.29

 
$
0.40

When we analyze period-to-period changes in our operating performance, we determine the portion of the change that is attributable to changes in foreign currency rates and the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, and the remainder we call organic change, which indicates how our underlying business performed. The performance metrics that we use to evaluate our results include the organic change in revenue, salaries and related expenses, and office and general expenses, and the components of operating expenses expressed as a percentage of total consolidated revenue. Additionally, in certain of our discussions we analyze revenue by geographic region and also by business sector, in which we focus on our top 100 clients, which typically constitute approximately 55% to 60% of our annual consolidated revenues.
The change in our operating performance attributable to changes in foreign currency rates is determined by converting the prior-period reported results using the current-period exchange rates and comparing these prior-period adjusted amounts to the prior-period reported results. Although the U.S. Dollar is our reporting currency, a substantial portion of our revenues and expenses are generated in foreign currencies. Therefore, our reported results are affected by fluctuations in the currencies in which we conduct our international businesses. Our exposure is mitigated as the majority of our revenues and expenses in any given market are generally denominated in the same currency. Both positive and negative currency fluctuations against the U.S. Dollar affect our consolidated results of operations, and the magnitude of the foreign currency impact to our operations related to each geographic region depends on the significance and operating performance of the region. The foreign currency that most adversely impacted our results during the first half of 2017 was the British Pound Sterling, partially offset by the Brazilian Real.
For purposes of analyzing changes in our operating performance attributable to the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, transactions are treated as if they occurred on the first day of the quarter during which the transaction occurred. During the past few years, we have acquired companies that we believe will enhance our offerings and disposed of businesses that are not consistent with our strategic plan. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on acquisitions.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Results of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
REVENUE
Our revenue is directly impacted by the retention and spending levels of existing clients and by our ability to win new clients. Most of our expenses are recognized ratably throughout the year and are therefore less seasonal than revenue. Our revenue is typically lowest in the first quarter and highest in the fourth quarter, reflecting the seasonal spending of our clients, incentives earned at year end on various contracts and project work completed that is typically recognized during the fourth quarter. In the events marketing business, revenues can fluctuate due to the timing of completed projects, as revenue is typically recognized when the project is complete. When we act as principal for these projects, we record the gross amount billed to the client as revenue, and the related costs are incurred as pass-through costs in office and general expenses.

20
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2017
Organic
 
Total
Consolidated
$
1,917.9

 
$
(21.3
)
 
$
(19.4
)
 
$
7.7

 
$
1,884.9

 
0.4
 %
 
(1.7
)%
Domestic
1,169.1

 
0.0

 
(16.5
)
 
7.9

 
1,160.5

 
0.7
 %
 
(0.7
)%
International
748.8

 
(21.3
)
 
(2.9
)
 
(0.2
)
 
724.4

 
0.0
 %
 
(3.3
)%
United Kingdom
155.7

 
(17.6
)
 
5.9

 
2.9

 
146.9

 
1.9
 %
 
(5.7
)%
Continental Europe
172.9

 
(5.4
)
 
(3.0
)
 
(4.4
)
 
160.1

 
(2.5
)%
 
(7.4
)%
Asia Pacific
217.7

 
(1.8
)
 
1.1

 
(2.4
)
 
214.6

 
(1.1
)%
 
(1.4
)%
Latin America
86.8

 
4.6

 
(7.6
)
 
0.0

 
83.8

 
0.0
 %
 
(3.5
)%
Other
115.7

 
(1.1
)
 
0.7

 
3.7

 
119.0

 
3.2
 %
 
2.9
 %
During the second quarter of 2017, our revenue decreased by $33.0, or 1.7%, compared to the second quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $7.7, or 0.4%, offset by an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $21.3 and the effect of net divestitures of $19.4. Our organic revenue increase was primarily attributable to growth within the healthcare sector, partially offset by decreases in the technology and telecom sector. The organic revenue increase in our domestic market was driven by growth across most disciplines, most notably at our advertising and media businesses, partially offset by declines within our events businesses, primarily as a result of certain projects where we acted as principal that decreased in size or did not recur during the second quarter of 2017, the impact of which is also reflected as a comparable reduction in office and general expenses. In our international markets, organic revenue remained relatively flat, primarily attributable to increases at our media businesses in Latin America, the Asia Pacific region and our Other region, driven by growth in Canada, as well as growth within our advertising and media businesses in the United Kingdom, offset by decreases in our advertising businesses, most notably in the Asia Pacific region and Latin America, and our media businesses in Continental Europe.
 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2017
Organic
 
Total
Consolidated
$
3,659.9

 
$
(38.4
)
 
$
(36.6
)
 
$
53.9

 
$
3,638.8

 
1.5
 %
 
(0.6
)%
Domestic
2,260.3

 
0.0

 
(27.5
)
 
39.5

 
2,272.3

 
1.7
 %
 
0.5
 %
International
1,399.6

 
(38.4
)
 
(9.1
)
 
14.4

 
1,366.5

 
1.0
 %
 
(2.4
)%
United Kingdom
321.3

 
(40.2
)
 
11.1

 
3.2

 
295.4

 
1.0
 %
 
(8.1
)%
Continental Europe
320.5

 
(10.3
)
 
(9.3
)
 
5.5

 
306.4

 
1.7
 %
 
(4.4
)%
Asia Pacific
399.8

 
(1.5
)
 
2.6

 
(7.4
)
 
393.5

 
(1.9
)%
 
(1.6
)%
Latin America
152.1

 
11.9

 
(14.2
)
 
2.4

 
152.2

 
1.6
 %
 
0.1
 %
Other
205.9

 
1.7

 
0.7

 
10.7

 
219.0

 
5.2
 %
 
6.4
 %
During the first half of 2017, our revenue decreased by $21.1, or 0.6%, compared to the first half of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $53.9, or 1.5%, offset by an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $38.4 and the effect of net divestitures of $36.6. The organic increase in our domestic market was mainly driven by our media businesses and digital specialist agencies. In our international markets, the organic revenue increase was driven by our media businesses in all regions and our public relations businesses, most notably in the United Kingdom, partially offset by declines in our advertising businesses in the Asia Pacific region and our events businesses in the United Kingdom as a result of certain projects where we no longer act as principal.
Refer to the segment discussion later in this MD&A for information on changes in revenue by segment.

21
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


OPERATING EXPENSES
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Salaries and related expenses
$
1,239.3

 
$
1,229.5

 
$
2,514.7

 
$
2,498.3

Office and general expenses
439.1

 
464.1

 
887.9

 
914.3

Total operating expenses
$
1,678.4

 
$
1,693.6

 
$
3,402.6

 
$
3,412.6

Operating income
$
206.5

 
$
224.3

 
$
236.2

 
$
247.3

In the second quarter of 2017, total operating expenses decreased 0.9%, compared to our revenue decrease of 1.7%, from the second quarter of 2016, resulting in an operating margin of 11.0%, compared to 11.7% in the prior-year period. In the first half of 2017, total operating expenses decreased 0.3%, compared to our revenue decrease of 0.6%, from the first half of 2016, resulting in an operating margin of 6.5%, compared to 6.8% in the prior-year period.
Salaries and Related Expenses
 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
2017
Organic
 
Total
Three months ended June 30,
$
1,229.5

 
$
(15.4
)
 
$
(12.4
)
 
$
37.6

 
$
1,239.3

 
3.1
%
 
0.8
%
Six months ended June 30,
2,498.3

 
(29.2
)
 
(28.4
)
 
74.0

 
2,514.7

 
3.0
%
 
0.7
%
Salaries and related expenses in the second quarter of 2017 increased by $9.8 compared to the second quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic increase of $37.6, partially offset by a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $15.4 and the effect of net divestitures of $12.4. The organic increase was primarily attributable to an increase in base salaries, benefits and tax as a result of increases in our workforce at businesses and in regions where we had revenue growth or new business wins over the last twelve months, partially offset by lower incentive expense. Our staff cost ratio, defined as salaries and related expenses as a percentage of total consolidated revenue, increased in the second quarter of 2017 to 65.7% from 64.1%, when compared to the prior-year period.
Salaries and related expenses in the first half of 2017 increased by $16.4 compared to the first half of 2016, comprised of an organic increase of $74.0, partially offset by a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $29.2 and the effect of net divestitures of $28.4. The organic increase was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2017, and lower acquisition-related contractual compensation, which is classified within all other salaries and related expenses in the table below. Our staff cost ratio increased in the first half of 2017 to 69.1% from 68.3% when compared to the prior-year period.
The following table details our staff cost ratio.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Salaries and related expenses
65.7
%
 
64.1
%
 
69.1
%
 
68.3
%
Base salaries, benefits and tax
56.1
%
 
54.1
%
 
58.1
%
 
56.7
%
Incentive expense
2.7
%
 
3.0
%
 
3.7
%
 
3.8
%
Severance expense
1.1
%
 
1.0
%
 
1.2
%
 
1.2
%
Temporary help
3.9
%
 
3.8
%
 
4.0
%
 
3.9
%
All other salaries and related expenses
1.9
%
 
2.2
%
 
2.1
%
 
2.7
%

22
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Office and General Expenses
 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
2017
Organic
 
Total
Three months ended June 30,
$
464.1

 
$
(5.6
)
 
$
(7.1
)
 
$
(12.3
)
 
$
439.1

 
(2.7
)%
 
(5.4
)%
Six months ended June 30,
914.3

 
(10.6
)
 
(14.0
)
 
(1.8
)
 
887.9

 
(0.2
)%
 
(2.9
)%
Office and general expenses in the second quarter of 2017 decreased by $25.0 compared to the second quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic decrease of $12.3, the effect of net divestitures of $7.1 and a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $5.6. The organic decrease was attributable to lower production expenses related to pass-through costs, which are also reflected in revenue, as well as decreases in adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, as compared to the prior year, partially offset by higher occupancy costs. Our office and general expense ratio, defined as office and general expenses as a percentage of total consolidated revenue, decreased in the second quarter of 2017 to 23.3% from 24.2%, when compared to the prior-year period.
Office and general expenses in the first half of 2017 decreased by $26.4 compared to the first half of 2016, comprised of an organic decrease of $1.8, the effect of net divestitures of $14.0 and a favorable foreign currency rate impact of $10.6. The organic decrease was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2017. Our office and general expense ratio decreased in the first half of 2017 to 24.4% from 25.0%, when compared to the prior-year period.
The following table details our office and general expense ratio.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Office and general expenses
23.3
%
 
24.2
%
 
24.4
%
 
25.0
%
Professional fees
1.7
%
 
1.5
%
 
1.7
%
 
1.6
%
Occupancy expense (excluding depreciation and amortization)
6.9
%
 
6.6
%
 
7.1
%
 
6.9
%
Travel & entertainment, office supplies and telecommunications
3.1
%
 
3.4
%
 
3.2
%
 
3.4
%
All other office and general expenses 1
11.6
%
 
12.7
%
 
12.4
%
 
13.1
%
 
1
Includes production expenses and, to a lesser extent, depreciation and amortization, bad debt expense, adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, foreign currency losses (gains), spending to support new business activity, net restructuring and other reorganization-related charges (reversals), long-lived asset impairments and other expenses.

EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Cash interest on debt obligations
$
(20.5
)
 
$
(21.0
)
 
$
(39.1
)
 
$
(40.3
)
Non-cash interest
(5.2
)
 
(3.5
)
 
(7.5
)
 
(6.8
)
Interest expense
(25.7
)
 
(24.5
)
 
(46.6
)
 
(47.1
)
Interest income
4.7

 
5.6

 
9.9

 
11.4

Net interest expense
(21.0
)
 
(18.9
)
 
(36.7
)
 
(35.7
)
Other (expense) income, net
(15.4
)
 
0.4

 
(14.6
)
 
(18.8
)
Total (expenses) and other income
$
(36.4
)
 
$
(18.5
)
 
$
(51.3
)
 
$
(54.5
)
Net Interest Expense
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, net interest expense increased by $2.1 and $1.0 as compared to the respective prior-year periods, primarily due to increased non-cash interest expense from revaluations of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests.

23
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Other (Expense) Income, Net
Results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Net losses on sales of businesses and investments
$
(13.1
)
 
$
(2.2
)
 
$
(12.1
)
 
$
(18.5
)
Other (expense) income, net
(2.3
)
 
2.6

 
(2.5
)
 
(0.3
)
Total other (expense) income, net
$
(15.4
)
 
$
0.4

 
$
(14.6
)
 
$
(18.8
)
Net Losses on Sales of Businesses and Investments – During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the amounts recognized were related to sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of accounts receivable and accounts payable, respectively, as held for sale within our Integrated Agency Networks ("IAN") operating segment.

INCOME TAXES
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Income before income taxes
$
170.1

 
$
205.8

 
$
184.9

 
$
192.8

Provision for income taxes
$
75.4

 
$
43.7

 
$
73.3

 
$
28.1

Effective income tax rate
44.3
%
 
21.2
%
 
39.6
%
 
14.6
%
Our tax rates are affected by many factors, including our worldwide earnings from various countries, changes in legislation and tax characteristics of our income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, our effective income tax rates of 44.3% and 39.6%, respectively, were negatively impacted by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances and by losses on sales of businesses, and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, for which we did not receive a full tax benefit. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, our effective income tax rate was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which is typically recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards.
For the three months ended June 30, 2016, our effective tax rate of 21.2% was positively impacted by the settlement of 2011 and 2012 income tax audits which included the recognition of certain previously unrecognized tax benefits of $23.4. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, our effective income tax rate of 14.6% was also positively impacted by the reversal of valuation allowances of $12.2 as a consequence of the disposition of certain businesses in Continental Europe, excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments and the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits as a result of a lapse in statute of limitations. The positive impacts to our tax rates were partially offset by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances and by losses on sales of businesses for which we did not receive a full tax benefit.

EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were $0.24 and $0.30, respectively, compared to $0.39 and $0.41 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively. Diluted earnings per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were $0.24 and $0.29, respectively, compared to $0.38 and $0.40 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, net income available to IPG common stockholders included net losses of $13.1 and $12.2, respectively, on sales of businesses, and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, primarily in our international markets, resulting in a negative impact of $0.03 on basic and diluted earnings per share for both periods.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, net income available to IPG common stockholders included the recognition of certain previously unrecognized tax benefits totaling $23.4, resulting in a positive impact of $0.06 on basic and diluted earnings per share.

24
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


For the six months ended June 30, 2016, net income available to IPG common stockholders also included losses of $19.6, net of tax, on sales of businesses in our international markets, and a benefit of $12.2 related to the reversals of valuation allowances as a consequence of the sales of businesses, resulting in impacts of ($0.05) and $0.03, respectively, to basic and diluted earnings per share.

Segment Results of Operations – Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 Compared to Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
As discussed in Note 10 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, we have two reportable segments as of June 30, 2017: IAN and Constituency Management Group ("CMG"). We also report results for the "Corporate and other" group.
IAN
REVENUE
 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2017
Organic
 
Total
Consolidated
$
1,548.5

 
$
(14.8
)
 
$
(11.8
)
 
$
15.9

 
$
1,537.8

 
1.0
 %
 
(0.7
)%
Domestic
916.7

 
0.0

 
(9.7
)
 
21.1

 
928.1

 
2.3
 %
 
1.2
 %
International
631.8

 
(14.8
)
 
(2.1
)
 
(5.2
)
 
609.7

 
(0.8
)%
 
(3.5
)%
During the second quarter of 2017, IAN revenue decreased by $10.7 compared to the second quarter of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $15.9, offset by an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $14.8 and the effect of net divestitures of $11.8. The organic revenue increase was primarily attributable to growth within the healthcare sector, partially offset by decreases in the technology and telecom and financial services sectors. The organic revenue increase in our domestic market was driven by growth across all disciplines, most notably at our advertising and media businesses. In our international markets, the organic revenue decrease was primarily driven by our advertising businesses in the Asia Pacific region and Latin America, mainly within Brazil, and our media businesses in Continental Europe. The organic revenue decrease was partially offset by increases at our media businesses in Latin America, led by Mexico, the Asia Pacific region and our Other region, driven by growth in Canada, as well as growth within our advertising and media businesses in the United Kingdom.
 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2017
Organic
 
Total
Consolidated
$
2,950.1

 
$
(24.6
)
 
$
(26.7
)
 
$
46.6

 
$
2,945.4

 
1.6
%
 
(0.2
)%
Domestic
1,782.1

 
0.0

 
(18.6
)
 
36.1

 
1,799.6

 
2.0
%
 
1.0
 %
International
1,168.0

 
(24.6
)
 
(8.1
)
 
10.5

 
1,145.8

 
0.9
%
 
(1.9
)%
During the first half of 2017, IAN revenue decreased by $4.7 compared to the first half of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $46.6, offset by the effect of net divestitures of $26.7 and an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $24.6. The organic revenue increase in our domestic market was driven by growth across most disciplines, most notably at our media businesses and digital specialist agencies. In our international markets, the organic increase was primarily driven by our media businesses in all regions, partially offset by decreases at our advertising businesses in the Asia Pacific and Latin America regions.
SEGMENT OPERATING INCOME
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Segment operating income
$
174.4

 
$
198.2

 
(12.0
)%
 
$
218.2

 
$
240.0

 
(9.1
)%
Operating margin
11.3
%
 
12.8
%
 
 
 
7.4
%
 
8.1
%
 
 
 
Operating income decreased during the second quarter of 2017 when compared to the second quarter of 2016, due to a decrease in revenue of $10.7, as discussed above, and an increase in salaries and related expenses of $20.2, partially offset by a decrease in office and general expenses of $7.1. The increase in salaries and related expenses was primarily due to an increase in base

25
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


salaries, benefits and tax, primarily attributable to increases in our workforce at businesses and in regions where we had revenue growth or new business wins over the last twelve months, partially offset by lower incentive expense. The decrease in office and general expenses was attributable to lower production expenses related to pass-through costs, which are also reflected in revenue, partially offset by higher occupancy costs.
Operating income decreased during the first half of 2017 when compared to the first half of 2016, comprised of a decrease in revenue of $4.7, as discussed above, and an increase in salaries and related expenses of $29.3, partially offset by a decrease in office and general expenses of $12.2. The increase in salaries and related expenses was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2017, partially offset by lower acquisition-related contractual compensation. The decrease in office and general expenses was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2017 as well as decreases in adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, as compared to the prior year.
CMG
REVENUE
 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2017
Organic
 
Total
Consolidated
$
369.4

 
$
(6.5
)
 
$
(7.6
)
 
$
(8.2
)
 
$
347.1

 
(2.2
)%
 
(6.0
)%
Domestic
252.4

 
0.0

 
(6.8
)
 
(13.2
)
 
232.4

 
(5.2
)%
 
(7.9
)%
International
117.0

 
(6.5
)
 
(0.8
)
 
5.0

 
114.7

 
4.3
 %
 
(2.0
)%
During the second quarter of 2017, CMG revenue decreased by $22.3 compared to the second quarter of 2016, due to an organic revenue decrease of $8.2, the effect of net divestitures of $7.6 and an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $6.5. The organic revenue decrease in our domestic market was primarily driven by our events businesses as a result of certain projects where we acted as principal that decreased in size or did not recur during the second quarter of 2017, the impact of which is also reflected as a comparable reduction in office and general expenses, as well as a decline in our public relations businesses. Organic revenue increased in our international markets driven by growth across all disciplines, most notably at our events businesses in the Asia Pacific region, led by Singapore and Hong Kong, and our public relations businesses in Continental Europe.
 
 
 
Components of Change
 
 
 
Change
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
Foreign
Currency
 
Net
Acquisitions/
(Divestitures)
 
Organic
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2017
Organic
 
Total
Consolidated
$
709.8

 
$
(13.8
)
 
$
(9.9
)
 
$
7.3

 
$
693.4

 
1.0
%
 
(2.3
)%
Domestic
478.2

 
0.0

 
(8.9
)
 
3.4

 
472.7

 
0.7
%
 
(1.2
)%
International
231.6

 
(13.8
)
 
(1.0
)
 
3.9

 
220.7

 
1.7
%
 
(4.7
)%
During the first half of 2017, CMG revenue decreased by $16.4 compared to the first half of 2016, comprised of an organic revenue increase of $7.3, offset by an adverse foreign currency rate impact of $13.8 and the effect of net divestitures of $9.9. The organic revenue increase in our domestic market was primarily driven by our sports marketing businesses, partially offset by decreases at our brand consultancy businesses. In our international markets, the organic revenue increase was primarily driven by our public relations and sports marketing businesses, most notably in the United Kingdom, partially offset by a decrease within our events businesses in the United Kingdom as a result of certain projects where we no longer act as principal.
SEGMENT OPERATING INCOME
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Segment operating income
$
53.9

 
$
50.0

 
7.8
%
 
$
77.3

 
$
70.4

 
9.8
%
Operating margin
15.5
%
 
13.5
%
 
 
 
11.1
%
 
9.9
%
 
 
Operating income increased during the second quarter of 2017 when compared to the second quarter of 2016, as a result of a decrease in office and general expenses of $16.8 and a decrease in salaries and related expenses of $9.4, partially offset by a decrease in revenue of $22.3, as discussed above. The decrease in office and general expenses was primarily due to decreases in

26
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, as compared to the prior year, as well as lower production expenses related to pass-through costs, which are also reflected in revenue.
Operating income increased during the first half of 2017 when compared to the first half of 2016, as a result of a decrease in office and general expenses of $14.0 and a decrease in salaries and related expenses of $9.3, partially offset by a decrease in revenue of $16.4, as discussed above. The increase in operating income was primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the second quarter of 2017.
CORPORATE AND OTHER
Certain corporate and other charges are reported as separate line items within total segment operating income (loss) and include corporate office expenses, as well as shared service center and certain other centrally managed expenses that are not fully allocated to operating divisions. Salaries and related expenses include salaries, long-term incentives, annual bonuses and other miscellaneous benefits for corporate office employees. Office and general expenses primarily include professional fees related to internal control compliance, financial statement audits and legal, information technology and other consulting services that are engaged and managed through the corporate office. Office and general expenses also include rental expense and depreciation of leasehold improvements for properties occupied by corporate office employees. A portion of centrally managed expenses are allocated to operating divisions based on a formula that uses the planned revenues of each of the operating units. Amounts allocated also include specific charges for information technology-related projects, which are allocated based on utilization.
Corporate and other expenses decreased during the second quarter of 2017 by $2.1 to $21.8 compared to the second quarter of 2016. During the first half of 2017, corporate and other expenses decreased by $3.8 to $59.3 compared to the first half of 2016.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
CASH FLOW OVERVIEW
The following tables summarize key financial data relating to our liquidity, capital resources and uses of capital.
 
Six months ended
June 30,
Cash Flow Data
2017
 
2016
Net income, adjusted to reconcile to net cash used in operating activities 1
$
276.3

 
$
335.5

Net cash used in working capital 2
(414.4
)
 
(816.4
)
Changes in other non-current assets and liabilities using cash
(15.0
)
 
(72.9
)
Net cash used in operating activities
$
(153.1
)
 
$
(553.8
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(96.0
)
 
(102.2
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(199.4
)
 
(227.0
)
 
1
Reflects net income adjusted primarily for depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets, amortization of restricted stock and other non-cash compensation, net losses on sales of businesses and deferred income taxes.
2
Reflects changes in accounts receivable, expenditures billable to clients, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities during the first half of 2017 was $153.1, which was an improvement of $400.7 as compared to the first half of 2016 driven by lower use of cash in working capital. Working capital in the first half of 2017 benefited from the spending patterns of our clients compared to a year ago. Due to the seasonality of our business, we typically use cash from working capital in the first half of a year and generate cash from working capital in the second half of a year, with the largest impacts generally in the first and fourth quarters. The working capital use in the first half of 2017 was primarily attributable to our media businesses.
The timing of media buying on behalf of our clients across various countries affects our working capital and operating cash flow and can be volatile. In most of our businesses, our agencies enter into commitments to pay production and media costs on behalf of clients. To the extent possible, we pay production and media charges after we have received funds from our clients. The amounts involved substantially exceed our revenues and primarily affect the level of accounts receivable, expenditures billable to clients, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Our assets include both cash received and accounts receivable from clients for these pass-through arrangements, while our liabilities include amounts owed on behalf of clients to media and production suppliers.

27
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


Our accrued liabilities are also affected by the timing of certain other payments. For example, while annual cash incentive awards are accrued throughout the year, they are generally paid during the first quarter of the subsequent year.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities during the first half of 2017 primarily consisted of payments for capital expenditures of $68.9, related mostly to leasehold improvements and computer hardware and software.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities during the first half of 2017 was primarily driven by the payment of dividends of $141.4 and the repurchase of 4.8 shares of our common stock for an aggregate cost of $115.0, including fees, partially offset by a net increase in short-term borrowings of $153.5.
Foreign Exchange Rate Changes
The effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows resulted in a net increase of $8.2 during the first half of 2017, primarily a result of the U.S. Dollar weakening against several foreign currencies, primarily the Australian Dollar, Euro and Indian Rupee, as of June 30, 2017 as compared to December 31, 2016.
Balance Sheet Data
June 30,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
 
June 30,
2016
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities
$
660.8

 
$
1,100.6

 
$
675.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term borrowings
$
237.7

 
$
85.7

 
$
192.8

Current portion of long-term debt
301.7

 
323.9

 
24.5

Long-term debt
1,283.1

 
1,280.7

 
1,583.6

Total debt
$
1,822.5

 
$
1,690.3

 
$
1,800.9

LIQUIDITY OUTLOOK
We expect our cash flow from operations and existing cash and cash equivalents to be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating requirements at a minimum for the next twelve months. We also have a committed corporate credit facility, uncommitted lines of credit and a commercial paper program available to support our operating needs. We continue to maintain a disciplined approach to managing liquidity, with flexibility over significant uses of cash, including our capital expenditures, cash used for new acquisitions, our common stock repurchase program and our common stock dividends.
From time to time, we evaluate market conditions and financing alternatives for opportunities to raise additional funds or otherwise improve our liquidity profile, enhance our financial flexibility and manage market risk. Our ability to access the capital markets depends on a number of factors, which include those specific to us, such as our credit ratings, and those related to the financial markets, such as the amount or terms of available credit. There can be no guarantee that we would be able to access new sources of liquidity, or continue to access existing sources of liquidity, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.
Funding Requirements
Our most significant funding requirements include our operations, non-cancelable operating lease obligations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, common stock dividends, taxes and debt service. Additionally, we may be required to make payments to minority shareholders in certain subsidiaries if they exercise their options to sell us their equity interests.
Notable funding requirements include:
•
Debt service - As of June 30, 2017, we had outstanding short-term borrowings of $237.7 from our uncommitted lines of credit used primarily to fund seasonal working capital needs. Our 2.25% Senior Notes in aggregate principal amount of $300.0 mature on November 15, 2017, and we expect to use proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper to repay the outstanding 2.25% Senior Notes upon maturity. The remainder of our debt is primarily long-term, with maturities scheduled through 2024.

28
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


•
Acquisitions – We paid cash of $11.8, net of cash acquired of $3.0, for acquisitions completed in the first half of 2017. We also paid $0.8 in up-front payments and $71.0 in deferred payments for prior acquisitions as well as ownership increases in our consolidated subsidiaries. In addition to potential cash expenditures for new acquisitions, we expect to pay approximately $57.0 over the next twelve months related to prior acquisitions. We may also be required to pay approximately $35.0 related to put options held by minority shareholders if exercised over the next twelve months. We will continue to evaluate strategic opportunities to grow and continue to strengthen our market position, particularly in our digital and marketing services offerings, and to expand our presence in high-growth and key strategic world markets.
•
Dividends – In the first half of 2017, we paid two quarterly cash dividends of $0.18 per share on our common stock, which corresponded to an aggregate dividend payment of $141.4. Assuming we continue to pay a quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share, and there is no significant change in the number of outstanding shares as of June 30, 2017, we would expect to pay approximately $280.0 over the next twelve months.
Share Repurchase Program
In February 2017, our Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized a new share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $300.0, excluding fees, of our common stock, which was in addition to the remaining amount available to be repurchased from the $300.0 authorization made by the Board in February 2016. As of June 30, 2017, $340.4, excluding fees, remains available for repurchase under the share repurchase programs. The share repurchase programs have no expiration date.
We may effect such repurchases through open market purchases, trading plans established in accordance with SEC rules, derivative transactions or other means. We expect to continue to repurchase our common stock in future periods, although the timing and amount of the repurchases will depend on market conditions and other funding requirements.
FINANCING AND SOURCES OF FUNDS
Substantially all of our operating cash flow is generated by our agencies. Our cash balances are held in numerous jurisdictions throughout the world, including at the holding company level. Below is a summary of our sources of liquidity.
Credit Agreements
We maintain a committed corporate credit facility, which has been amended and restated from time to time (the "Credit Agreement"). We use our Credit Agreement to increase our financial flexibility, to provide letters of credit primarily to support obligations of our subsidiaries and to support our commercial paper program. The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, expiring in October 2020, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $1,000.0, or the equivalent in other specified currencies. The Company has the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0, provided the Company receives commitments for such increases and satisfies certain other conditions. The aggregate available amount of letters of credit outstanding may decrease or increase, subject to a sublimit on letters of credit of $200.0, or the equivalent in other specified currencies. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unsecured. As of June 30, 2017, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement; however, we had $8.4 of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement which reduced our total availability to $991.6.
We were in compliance with all of our covenants in the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2017. The financial covenants in the Credit Agreement require that we maintain, as of the end of each fiscal quarter, certain financial measures for the four quarters then ended.

29
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


The table below sets forth the financial covenants in effect as of June 30, 2017.
 
 
Four Quarters Ended
 
 
 
Four Quarters Ended
Financial Covenants
 
June 30, 2017
 
EBITDA Reconciliation
 
June 30, 2017
Interest coverage ratio (not less than) 1
 
5.00x
 
Operating income
 
$
929.9

Actual interest coverage ratio
 
18.48x
 
Add:
 
 
Leverage ratio (not greater than) 1
 
3.50x
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
256.4

Actual leverage ratio
 
1.54x
 
EBITDA 1
 
$
1,186.3

 
1
The interest coverage ratio is defined as EBITDA, as defined in the Credit Agreement, to net interest expense for the four quarters then ended. The leverage ratio is defined as debt as of the last day of such fiscal quarter to EBITDA for the four quarters then ended.
We also have uncommitted lines of credit with various banks which permit borrowings at variable interest rates and which are primarily used to fund working capital needs. We have guaranteed the repayment of some of these borrowings made by certain subsidiaries. If we lose access to these credit lines, we would have to provide funding directly to some of our international operations. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had uncommitted lines of credit in an aggregate amount of $906.5, under which we had outstanding borrowings of $237.7 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding during the second quarter of 2017 was $457.6, with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 2.2%.
Commercial Paper
In June 2017, the Company established a commercial paper program under which the Company may issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1,000.0. Borrowings under the program are supported by the Credit Agreement described above. Proceeds of the commercial paper will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness, as described above, and other short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. As of June 30, 2017, there was no commercial paper outstanding. From the date the program was first utilized through June 30, 2017, the average amount outstanding under the program was $203.7, with a weighted-average interest rate of 1.4% and a weighted-average maturity of seven days.
Cash Pooling
We aggregate our domestic cash position on a daily basis. Outside the United States, we use cash pooling arrangements with banks to help manage our liquidity requirements. In these pooling arrangements, several IPG agencies agree with a single bank that the cash balances of any of the agencies with the bank will be subject to a full right of set-off against amounts that other agencies owe the bank, and the bank provides for overdrafts as long as the net balance for all the agencies does not exceed an agreed-upon level. Typically, each agency pays interest on outstanding overdrafts and receives interest on cash balances. Our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets reflect cash, net of bank overdrafts, under all of our pooling arrangements, and as of June 30, 2017, the amount netted was $1,512.9.
DEBT CREDIT RATINGS
Our debt credit ratings as of July 17, 2017 are listed below.
 
Moody’s Investors Service
 
S&P Global Ratings
 
Fitch Ratings
Short-term rating
P-2
 
A-2
 
F2
Long-term rating
Baa2
 
BBB
 
BBB
Outlook
Stable
 
Stable
 
Positive
We are rated investment-grade by Moody's Investors Service, S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings. On June 8, 2017, we received from the credit rating agencies the short-term credit ratings, described above, with respect to our commercial paper. The most recent update to our long-term credit ratings occurred in April 2017 when S&P Global Ratings upgraded our rating from BBB- to BBB with a Stable outlook. A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning credit rating agency. The rating of each credit rating agency should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Credit ratings could have an impact on liquidity, either adverse or favorable, because, among other things, they could affect funding costs in, or the ability to access, the capital markets or otherwise. For example, our Credit Agreement fees and borrowing rates are based on a long-term credit ratings grid.

30
Table of Contents

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)
(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)
(Unaudited)


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2016, included in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As summarized in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our Annual Report, we believe that certain of these policies are critical because they are important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to estimate the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These critical estimates relate to revenue recognition, income taxes, goodwill and other intangible assets, and pension and postretirement benefits. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be relevant under the circumstances. Estimation methodologies are applied consistently from year to year, and there have been no significant changes in the application of critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2016. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note 13 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on certain accounting standards that have been recently adopted or that have not yet been required to be implemented and may be applicable to our future operations.

31
Table of Contents

Item 3.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks related to interest rates, foreign currency rates and certain balance sheet items. There has been no significant change in our exposure to market risk during the second quarter of 2017. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to the fair market value and cash flows of our debt obligations. As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, approximately 88% and 93%, respectively, of our debt obligations bore fixed interest rates. We have, from time to time, used interest rate swaps for risk management purposes to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. We do not have any interest rate swaps outstanding as of June 30, 2017. For further discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 4.
Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of June 30, 2017, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.
There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting in the quarter ended June 30, 2017, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

32
Table of Contents

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.
Legal Proceedings
Information about our legal proceedings is set forth in Note 12 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A.
Risk Factors
In the second quarter of 2017, there have been no material changes in the risk factors we have previously disclosed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c)
The following table provides information regarding our purchases of our equity securities during the period from April 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017:
 
Total Number of
Shares (or Units)
Purchased 1
 
Average Price Paid
per Share (or Unit) 2
 
Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of
Publicly Announced
Plans or Programs 3
 
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs 3
April 1 - 30
1,308,442

 
$
24.44

 
1,292,551

 
$
368,843,368

May 1 - 31
598,108

 
$
24.20

 
596,500

 
$
354,408,382

June 1 - 30
583,713

 
$
24.43

 
572,500

 
$
340,424,443

Total
2,490,263

 
$
24.38

 
2,461,551

 
 
 
1
Included shares of our common stock, par value $0.10 per share, withheld under the terms of grants under employee stock-based compensation plans to offset tax withholding obligations that arose upon vesting and release of restricted shares (the “Withheld Shares”). We repurchased 15,891 Withheld Shares in April 2017, 1,608 Withheld Shares in May 2017 and 11,213 Withheld Shares in June 2017, for a total of 28,712 Withheld Shares during the three-month period.
2
The average price per share for each of the months in the fiscal quarter and for the three month period was calculated by dividing (a) the sum for the applicable period of the aggregate value of the tax withholding obligations and the aggregate amount we paid for shares acquired under our share repurchase programs, described in Note 5 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, by (b) the sum of the number of Withheld Shares and the number of shares acquired in our share repurchase programs.
3
On February 10, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved a new share repurchase program to repurchase from time to time up to $300.0 million of our common stock, in addition to amounts available on existing authorizations. There is no expiration date associated with the share repurchase programs.

Item 6.
Exhibits
All exhibits required pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K to be filed as part of this report or incorporated herein by reference to other documents are listed in the Index to Exhibits that immediately precedes the exhibits filed with this Report on Form 10-Q and the exhibits transmitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of the electronic filing of this report.

33
Table of Contents

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.
 
 
 
 
By
/s/ Michael I. Roth
 
 
Michael I. Roth
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: July 27, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By
/s/ Christopher F. Carroll
 
 
Christopher F. Carroll
Senior Vice President, Controller and
Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: July 27, 2017

34
Table of Contents

INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
 
Computation of Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges.
 
 
 
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
 
 
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
 
 
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
 
 
101
 
Interactive Data File, for the period ended June 30, 2017.

35
Exhibit


EXHIBIT 12.1
COMPUTATION OF RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
(Amounts in Millions, Except Ratios)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30,
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
Earnings 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
 
$
184.9

 
$
830.2

 
$
762.2

 
$
720.7

 
$
468.0

 
$
674.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed charges 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
46.6

 
90.6

 
85.8

 
84.9

 
122.7

 
133.5

Interest factor of net operating rents 3
 
86.5

 
170.4

 
162.4

 
170.0

 
173.3

 
169.0

    Total fixed charges
 
133.1

 
261.0

 
248.2

 
254.9

 
296.0

 
302.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings, as adjusted
 
$
318.0

 
$
1,091.2

 
$
1,010.4

 
$
975.6

 
$
764.0

 
$
977.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges
 
2.4

 
4.2

 
4.1

 
3.8

 
2.6

 
3.2

 
1
Earnings consist of income from continuing operations before income taxes, equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates and adjustments for net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests.
2
Fixed charges consist of interest on indebtedness, amortization of debt discount, waiver and other amendment fees, debt issuance costs (all of which are included in interest expense) and the portion of net rental expense deemed representative of the interest component (one-third).
3
We have calculated the interest factor of net operating rent as one third of our operating rent, as this represents a reasonable approximation of the interest factor.



Exhibit


EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Michael I. Roth, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
/s/ Michael I. Roth
 
Michael I. Roth
 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Date: July 27, 2017



Exhibit


EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Frank Mergenthaler, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

 
/s/ Frank Mergenthaler
 
Frank Mergenthaler
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 Date: July 27, 2017





Exhibit


EXHIBIT 32
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer's knowledge, that:
The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the quarterly report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
 
/s/ Michael I. Roth
 
Michael I. Roth
 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Dated: July 27, 2017
 
 
/s/ Frank Mergenthaler
 
Frank Mergenthaler
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Dated: July 27, 2017