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ipg-20220930

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q


			☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022


			☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 1-6686

https://cdn.kscope.io/7a1440590105474e38a7cb1596e269a6-ipg-20220930_g1.jpg

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						13-1024020
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

909 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(212)704-1200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.10 per share	IPG	The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

☒

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-accelerated Filer

☐

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 18, 2022 was 388,524,718.

INDEX


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021	3
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended S e ptember 30, 2022 and 2021	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of S e ptember 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	5
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended S e ptember 30, 2022 and 2021	6
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and N i ne Months Ended S e ptember 30, 2022 and 2021	7
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	46
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	46
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	47
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	47
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47

Item 6.	Exhibits	47
INDEX TO EXHIBITS		48
SIGNATURES		49

INFORMATION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING DISCLOSURE

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. Statements in this report that are not historical facts, including statements about management’s beliefs and expectations, constitute forward-looking statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “estimate,” “continue” or comparable terminology are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current plans, estimates and projections, and are subject to change based on a number of factors, including those outlined under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any of them in light of new information or future events.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

•the effects of a challenging economy on the demand for our advertising and marketing services, on our clients’ financial condition and on our business or financial condition;

•the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including unanticipated developments like the emergence of new coronavirus variants or any shortfalls in vaccination efforts, and associated mitigation measures such as social distancing efforts and restrictions on businesses, social activities and travel on the economy, our clients and demand for our services, which may precipitate or exacerbate other risks and uncertainties;

•our ability to attract new clients and retain existing clients;

•our ability to retain and attract key employees;

•risks associated with assumptions we make in connection with our critical accounting estimates, including changes in assumptions associated with any effects of a challenging economy;

•potential adverse effects if we are required to recognize impairment charges or other adverse accounting-related developments;

•risks associated with the effects of global, national and regional economic and political conditions, including counterparty risks and fluctuations in interest rates, inflation rates and currency exchange rates;

•developments from changes in the regulatory and legal environment for advertising and marketing services companies around the world, including laws and regulations related to data protection and consumer privacy;

•the impact on our operations of general or directed cybersecurity events; and

•failure to fully realize the anticipated benefits of our 2020 restructuring actions and other cost-savings initiatives.

Investors should carefully consider these factors and the additional risk factors outlined in more detail under Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.			Financial Statements (Unaudited)

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
REVENUE:
Revenue before billable expenses	$	2,296.2	$	2,261.7	$	6,898.9	$	6,559.0
Billable expenses	341.5		280.3		1,043.0		749.6
Total revenue	2,637.7		2,542.0		7,941.9		7,308.6

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Salaries and related expenses	1,546.8		1,511.2		4,701.4		4,389.2
Office and other direct expenses	327.9		300.9		1,001.1		894.8
Billable expenses	341.5		280.3		1,043.0		749.6
Cost of services	2,216.2		2,092.4		6,745.5		6,033.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses	18.5		32.2		57.2		89.8
Depreciation and amortization	67.0		69.4		201.9		208.7
Restructuring charges	(5.8)		(3.5)		0.7		(2.4)
Total operating expenses	2,295.9		2,190.5		7,005.3		6,329.7

OPERATING INCOME	341.8		351.5		936.6		978.9

EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME:
Interest expense	(44.9)		(42.9)		(125.3)		(135.1)
Interest income	17.0		7.4		38.0		21.9
Other income (expense), net	17.5		2.3		6.8		(76.9)
Total (expenses) and other income	(10.4)		(33.2)		(80.5)		(190.1)

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	331.4		318.3		856.1		788.8
Provision for income taxes	76.4		73.9		209.2		184.4
INCOME OF CONSOLIDATED COMPANIES	255.0		244.4		646.9		604.4
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	2.5		0.2		3.3		0.4
NET INCOME	257.5		244.6		650.2		604.8
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(5.7)		(4.7)		(9.4)		(9.9)
NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO IPG COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	251.8	$	239.9	$	640.8	$	594.9

Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.64	$	0.61	$	1.63	$	1.51
Diluted	$	0.64	$	0.60	$	1.62	$	1.49

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	390.6		393.5		392.7		392.8
Diluted	394.1		399.8		396.2		398.3

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
NET INCOME	$	257.5	$	244.6	$	650.2	$	604.8

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Foreign currency translation:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(117.7)		(51.2)		(230.2)		(75.6)
Reclassification adjustments recognized in net income	(1.3)		0.5		0.5		(1.0)
	(119.0)		(50.7)		(229.7)		(76.6)
Derivative instruments:
Changes in fair value of derivative instruments	5.2		0.9		17.8		15.8
Recognition of previously unrealized net (gain) loss in net income	(0.4)		(0.3)		(1.1)		4.6
Income tax effect	(1.2)		0.1		(4.2)		(2.5)
	3.6		0.7		12.5		17.9
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans:
Net actuarial gains for the period	0.0		5.4		3.4		4.2
Amortization of unrecognized losses, transition obligation and prior service cost included in net income	1.5		2.4		4.8		7.2
Settlement losses included in net income	—		1.2		—		1.2
Other	(0.2)		0.1		(0.2)		0.1
Income tax effect	(0.3)		(2.1)		(0.9)		(3.1)
	1.0		7.0		7.1		9.6
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(114.4)		(43.0)		(210.1)		(49.1)
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	143.1		201.6		440.1		555.7
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests	5.0		3.8		7.7		9.0
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO IPG	$	138.1	$	197.8	$	432.4	$	546.7

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,768.3	$	3,270.0
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $57.4 and $68.5, respectively	4,121.1		5,177.7
Accounts receivable, billable to clients	2,158.0		2,347.2
Assets held for sale	16.2		8.2
Other current assets	471.3		428.7
Total current assets	8,534.9		11,231.8
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $1,243.3 and $1,201.6, respectively	632.9		675.8
Deferred income taxes	267.2		301.4
Goodwill	4,803.4		4,908.7
Other intangible assets	774.9		847.5
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,391.6		1,544.4
Other non-current assets	470.3		399.6
TOTAL ASSETS	$	16,875.2	$	19,909.2

LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable	$	6,535.6	$	8,960.0
Accrued liabilities	669.3		918.1
Contract liabilities	659.8		688.5
Short-term borrowings	55.8		47.5
Current portion of long-term debt	0.6		0.7
Current portion of operating leases	237.8		265.8
Liabilities held for sale	10.3		9.4
Total current liabilities	8,169.2		10,890.0
Long-term debt	2,902.5		2,908.6
Non-current operating leases	1,409.6		1,576.0
Deferred compensation	293.2		329.1
Other non-current liabilities	634.5		600.7
TOTAL LIABILITIES	13,409.0		16,304.4

Redeemable non-controlling interests (see Note 5)	9.1		15.6

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock	39.6		39.3
Additional paid-in capital	1,239.3		1,226.6
Retained earnings	3,449.9		3,154.3
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(1,102.6)		(894.2)


	3,626.2		3,526.0
Less: Treasury stock	(221.6)		—
Total IPG stockholders’ equity	3,404.6		3,526.0
Non-controlling interests	52.5		63.2
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	3,457.1		3,589.2
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	16,875.2	$	19,909.2

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

Table of Contents

THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	650.2	$	604.8
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	201.9		208.7
Amortization of restricted stock and other non-cash compensation	38.0		57.9
Deferred income tax	26.0		34.6
Net losses on sales of businesses	4.0		18.6
Net amortization of bond discounts and deferred financing costs	2.2		4.8
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		74.0
Provision for uncollectible receivables	(5.2)		(6.3)

Other	0.5		1.9
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures, provided (using) cash:
Accounts receivable	725.6		511.5
Accounts receivable, billable to clients	38.4		(367.3)
Other current assets	(94.7)		(66.3)
Accounts payable	(1,982.4)		(302.1)
Accrued liabilities	(232.0)		(65.2)
Contract liabilities	21.5		(26.3)
Other non-current assets and liabilities	(52.8)		(74.7)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(658.8)		608.6
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures	(118.5)		(123.4)
Deconsolidation of a subsidiary	(20.4)		(16.3)

Net proceeds from investments	2.6		32.7
Other investing activities	10.1		(8.1)
Net cash used in investing activities	(126.2)		(115.1)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Common stock dividends	(345.1)		(321.4)
Repurchases of common stock	(221.6)		—
Tax payments for employee shares withheld	(39.9)		(25.0)
Net decrease in short-term borrowings	(27.8)		(9.4)
Distributions to non-controlling interests	(9.6)		(9.0)
Acquisition-related payments	(8.4)		(28.0)
Proceeds from long-term debt	0.0		998.1
Exercise of stock options	0.0		8.0
Early extinguishment of long-term debt	—		(1,066.8)
Other financing activities	(0.5)		(14.3)
Net cash used in financing activities	(652.9)		(467.8)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(59.2)		(40.3)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(1,497.1)		(14.6)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	3,272.2		2,511.5
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	1,775.1	$	2,496.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

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THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Amounts in Millions)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		Treasury Stock		Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2022	396.4	$	39.6	$	1,222.1	$	3,311.8	$	(988.9)	$	(147.9)	$	3,436.7	$	52.3	$	3,489.0
Net income						251.8						251.8		5.7		257.5
Other comprehensive loss								(113.7)				(113.7)		(0.7)		(114.4)
Reclassifications related to redeemable non-controlling interests				0.0								0.0		0.0		0.0
Distributions to non-controlling interests												0.0		(4.4)		(4.4)
Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests						0.1						0.1				0.1
Repurchase of common stock										(73.7)		(73.7)				(73.7)
Common stock dividends ($0.290 per share)						(113.8)						(113.8)				(113.8)
Stock-based compensation	0.2	0.0		17.4								17.4				17.4
Shares withheld for taxes	0.0	0.0		(0.2)								(0.2)				(0.2)
Other														(0.4)		(0.4)
Balance at September 30, 2022	396.6	$	39.6	$	1,239.3	$	3,449.9	$	(1,102.6)	$	(221.6)	$	3,404.6	$	52.5	$	3,457.1


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		Treasury Stock		Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2021	394.3	$	39.3	$	1,226.6	$	3,154.3	$	(894.2)	$	0.0	$	3,526.0	$	63.2	$	3,589.2
Net income						640.8						640.8		9.4		650.2
Other comprehensive loss								(208.4)				(208.4)		(1.7)		(210.1)
Reclassifications related to redeemable non-controlling interests				(3.1)								(3.1)		0.8		(2.3)
Distributions to non-controlling interests														(9.6)		(9.6)
Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests						(1.2)						(1.2)				(1.2)
Repurchase of common stock										(221.6)		(221.6)				(221.6)
Common stock dividends ($0.870 per share)						(344.0)						(344.0)				(344.0)
Stock-based compensation	3.3	0.4		53.6								54.0				54.0
Shares withheld for taxes	(1.0)	(0.1)		(38.3)								(38.4)				(38.4)
Other				0.5								0.5		(9.6)		(9.1)
Balance at September 30, 2022	396.6	$	39.6	$	1,239.3	$	3,449.9	$	(1,102.6)	$	(221.6)	$	3,404.6	$	52.5	$	3,457.1

Table of Contents


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at June 30, 2021	393.5	$	39.3	$	1,132.4	$	2,777.5	$	(886.3)	$	3,062.9	$	48.4	$	3,111.3
Net income						239.9				239.9		4.7		244.6
Other comprehensive loss								(42.1)		(42.1)		(0.9)		(43.0)
Reclassifications related to redeemable non-controlling interests												(0.5)		(0.5)
Distributions to non-controlling interests												(2.2)		(2.2)
Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests						(1.4)				(1.4)				(1.4)

Common stock dividends ($0.270 per share)						(107.1)				(107.1)				(107.1)
Stock-based compensation	0.1	0.0		19.8						19.8				19.8
Exercise of stock options	0.0	0.0		0.2						0.2				0.2
Shares withheld for taxes	0.0	0.0		(0.8)						(0.8)				(0.8)
Other												0.4		0.4
Balance at September 30, 2021	393.6	$	39.3	$	1,151.6	$	2,908.9	$	(928.4)	$	3,171.4	$	49.9	$	3,221.3


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax		Total IPG Stockholders’ Equity		Non-controlling Interests		Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2020	390.9	$	39.0	$	1,099.3	$	2,636.9	$	(880.2)	$	2,895.0	$	48.9	$	2,943.9
Net income						594.9				594.9		9.9		604.8
Other comprehensive loss								(48.2)		(48.2)		(0.9)		(49.1)
Reclassifications related to redeemable non-controlling interests												0.1		0.1
Distributions to non-controlling interests												(9.0)		(9.0)
Change in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests						(2.1)				(2.1)				(2.1)

Common stock dividends ($0.810 per share)						(320.8)				(320.8)				(320.8)
Stock-based compensation	3.0	0.3		68.9						69.2				69.2
Exercise of stock options	0.6	0.1		8.5						8.6				8.6
Shares withheld for taxes	(0.9)	(0.1)		(25.1)						(25.2)				(25.2)
Other												0.9		0.9
Balance at September 30, 2021	393.6	$	39.3	$	1,151.6	$	2,908.9	$	(928.4)	$	3,171.4	$	49.9	$	3,221.3

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited financial statements.

Table of Contents

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared by The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “IPG,” “we,” “us” or “our”) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for reporting interim financial information on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and disclosures required for complete financial statements. The effects of the coronavirus ("COVID-19") pandemic, as well as heightened macroeconomic uncertainty, have impacted and will likely continue to impact our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements presented herein reflect the latest estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented. The Company believes it has used reasonable estimates and assumptions to assess the fair values of goodwill, long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets; assessment of the annual effective tax rate; valuation of deferred income taxes and allowance for expected credit losses on future uncollectible accounts receivable.

Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. The consolidated results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Annual Report”).

Effective January 1, 2022, the Company completed a managerial and operational review, which resulted in organizational realignments to our financial reporting segment structure. As a result, the Company determined we conduct our business across three reportable segments described in Note 11. The three reportable segments are: Media, Data & Engagement Solutions ("MD&E"), Integrated Advertising & Creativity Led Solutions ("IA&C"), and Specialized Communications & Experiential Solutions ("SC&E"). In conjunction with the new reporting structure, the Company has recast certain prior period amounts, wherever applicable, to reflect our revised organizational alignment. This change does not impact the unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statement of cash flows and consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for any of the previously reported periods.

Cost of services is comprised of the expenses of our revenue-producing reportable segments, MD&E, IA&C, and SC&E, including salaries and related expenses, office and other direct expenses and billable expenses, and includes an allocation of the centrally managed expenses from our "Corporate and Other" group. Office and other direct expenses include rent expense, professional fees, certain expenses incurred by our staff in servicing our clients and other costs directly attributable to client engagements.

Selling, general and administrative expenses are primarily the unallocated expenses from Corporate and Other, excluding depreciation and amortization.

Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets of the Company is disclosed as a separate operating expense.

Restructuring charges in 2022 consist of adjustments to the Company's restructuring actions taken during 2020 to lower our operating expenses structurally and permanently relative to revenue and to accelerate the transformation of our business, as discussed further in Note 7. Restructuring charges mainly include severance and termination costs and lease impairment costs.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the information for each period contained therein. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-period financial statements to conform to the current-period presentation.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 2: Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

We have three reportable segments as of September 30, 2022: MD&E, IA&C and SC&E, as further discussed in Note 11. MD&E principally generates revenue from providing global media and communications services, digital services and products, advertising and marketing technology, e‐commerce services, data management and analytics, strategic consulting, and digital brand experience. IA&C principally generates revenue from providing advertising, corporate and brand identity services, and strategic consulting. SC&E generates revenue from providing best-in-class global public relations and communications services, events, sports and entertainment marketing, and strategic consulting.

Our agencies are located in over 100 countries, including every significant world market. Our geographic revenue breakdown is listed below.


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Total revenue:	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States	$	1,744.3	$	1,612.1	$	5,171.8	$	4,595.8
International:
United Kingdom	195.5		224.3		646.8		637.4
Continental Europe	184.4		200.2		610.2		625.6
Asia Pacific	219.8		229.0		652.9		673.1
Latin America	113.6		104.3		318.0		290.1
Other	180.1		172.1		542.2		486.6
Total International	893.4		929.9		2,770.1		2,712.8
Total Consolidated	$	2,637.7	$	2,542.0	$	7,941.9	$	7,308.6


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Revenue before billable expenses1:	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States	$	1,523.0	$	1,459.3	$	4,548.0	$	4,204.6
International:
United Kingdom	176.5		195.1		543.7		573.7
Continental Europe	160.1		178.1		539.2		559.4
Asia Pacific	187.1		192.0		549.5		553.6
Latin America	107.4		96.3		297.0		268.6
Other	142.1		140.9		421.5		399.1
Total International	773.2		802.4		2,350.9		2,354.4
Total Consolidated	$	2,296.2	$	2,261.7	$	6,898.9	$	6,559.0

1 Revenue before billable expenses was previously labeled as net revenue.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


MD&E	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Total revenue:	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States	$	613.1	$	614.4	$	1,841.3	$	1,752.5
International	381.5		387.1		1,149.9		1,123.5
Total MD&E	$	994.6	$	1,001.5	$	2,991.2	$	2,876.0

Revenue before billable expenses:
United States	$	606.5	$	606.8	$	1,811.9	$	1,733.2
International	371.5		373.2		1,116.0		1,081.9
Total MD&E	$	978.0	$	980.0	$	2,927.9	$	2,815.1


IA&C	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Total revenue:	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States	$	689.9	$	644.0	$	2,081.7	$	1,883.8
International	367.6		389.3		1,133.4		1,151.6
Total IA&C	$	1,057.5	$	1,033.3	$	3,215.1	$	3,035.4

Revenue before billable expenses:
United States	$	665.5	$	620.5	$	2,002.5	$	1,810.8
International	307.8		330.7		938.6		978.9
Total IA&C	$	973.3	$	951.2	$	2,941.1	$	2,789.7


SC&E	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Total revenue:	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States	$	441.3	$	353.7	$	1,248.8	$	959.5
International	144.3		153.5		486.8		437.7
Total SC&E	$	585.6	$	507.2	$	1,735.6	$	1,397.2

Revenue before billable expenses:
United States	$	251.0	$	232.0	$	733.6	$	660.6
International	93.9		98.5		296.3		293.6
Total SC&E	$	344.9	$	330.5	$	1,029.9	$	954.2

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $57.4 and $68.5, respectively	$	4,121.1	$	5,177.7
Accounts receivable, billable to clients	2,158.0		2,347.2
Contract assets	56.3		62.3
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue)	659.8		688.5

Contract assets are primarily comprised of contract incentives that are generally satisfied annually under the terms of our contracts and are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to payment becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities relate

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

to advance consideration received from customers under the terms of our contracts primarily related to reimbursements of third-party expenses, whether we act as principal or agent, and to a lesser extent, periodic retainer fees, both of which are generally recognized shortly after billing.

The majority of our contracts are for periods of one year or less with the exception of our data management contracts. For those contracts with a term of more than one year, we had approximately $635.9 of unsatisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2022, which will be recognized as services are performed over the remaining contractual terms through 2027.

Note 3: Debt and Credit Arrangements

Long-Term Debt

A summary of the carrying amounts of our long-term debt is listed below.


	Effective Interest Rate	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021

4.200% Senior Notes due 2024 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.1 and $0.3, respectively)	4.240%	$	249.6	$	249.4
4.650% Senior Notes due 2028 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $1.1 and $2.7, respectively)	4.780%	496.2		495.8
4.750% Senior Notes due 2030 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $3.0 and $4.6, respectively)	4.920%	642.4		641.7
2.400% Senior Notes due 2031 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $0.7 and $3.9, respectively)	2.512%	495.4		495.0
3.375% Senior Notes due 2041 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $1.0 and $5.3, respectively)	3.448%	493.7		493.4
5.400% Senior Notes due 2048 (less unamortized discount and issuance costs of $2.6 and $4.9, respectively)	5.480%	492.5		492.3
Other notes payable and capitalized leases		33.3		41.7
Total long-term debt		2,903.1		2,909.3
Less: current portion		0.6		0.7
Long-term debt, excluding current portion		$	2,902.5	$	2,908.6

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the estimated fair value of the Company's long-term debt was $2,485.7 and $3,337.4, respectively. Refer to Note 12 for details.

Credit Agreement

We maintain a committed corporate credit facility, originally dated as of July 18, 2008, which has been amended and restated from time to time (the "Credit Agreement"). We use our Credit Agreement to increase our financial flexibility, to provide letters of credit primarily to support obligations of our subsidiaries and to support our commercial paper program. On November 1, 2021, we amended and restated the Credit Agreement. As amended, among other things, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement was extended to November 1, 2026 and the cost structure of the Credit Agreement was changed. The Credit Agreement continues to include a required leverage ratio of not more than 3.50 to 1.00, among other customary covenants, including limitations on our liens and the liens of our consolidated subsidiaries and limitations on the incurrence of subsidiary debt. At the election of the Company, the leverage ratio may be changed to not more than 4.00 to 1.00 for four consecutive quarters, beginning with the fiscal quarter in which there is an occurrence of one or more acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price of at least $200.0.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $1,500.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. The Company has the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0, provided the Company receives commitments for such increases and satisfies certain other conditions. The aggregate available amount of letters of credit outstanding may decrease or increase, subject to a sublimit of $50.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unsecured. As of September 30, 2022, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement; however, we had $9.8 of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, which reduced our total availability to $1,490.2. We were in compliance with all of our covenants in the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2022.

Uncommitted Lines of Credit

We also have uncommitted lines of credit with various banks that permit borrowings at variable interest rates and that are primarily used to fund working capital needs. We have guaranteed the repayment of some of these borrowings made by certain subsidiaries. If we lose access to these credit lines, we would have to provide funding directly to some of our operations. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had uncommitted lines of credit in an aggregate amount of $801.6, under which we had outstanding borrowings of $55.8 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding during the third quarter of 2022 was $63.3 with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 5.0%.

Commercial Paper

The Company is authorized to issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1,500.0. Borrowings under the program are supported by the Credit Agreement described above. Proceeds of the commercial paper are used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness and other short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. During the third quarter of 2022, there was no commercial paper activity and, as of September 30, 2022, there was no commercial paper outstanding.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 4: Earnings Per Share

The following sets forth basic and diluted earnings per common share available to IPG common stockholders.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income available to IPG common stockholders	$	251.8	$	239.9	$	640.8	$	594.9

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - basic	390.6		393.5		392.7		392.8
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted shares	3.5		6.3		3.5		5.5
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding - diluted	394.1		399.8		396.2		398.3

Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.64	$	0.61	$	1.63	$	1.51
Diluted	$	0.64	$	0.60	$	1.62	$	1.49

Note 5: Supplementary Data

Accrued Liabilities

The following table presents the components of accrued liabilities.


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Salaries, benefits and related expenses	$	483.0	$	685.4
Interest	40.6		39.0
Income taxes payable	26.4		42.8
Office and related expenses	26.0		30.5
Acquisition obligations	15.0		15.4
Restructuring charges	2.8		8.1
Other	75.5		96.9
Total accrued liabilities	$	669.3	$	918.1

Other Income (Expense), Net

Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net gains/(losses) on sales of businesses	$	3.1	$	(4.4)	$	(4.0)	$	(18.6)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		(74.0)
Other	14.4		6.7		10.8		15.7
Other income (expense), net	$	17.5	$	2.3	$	6.8	$	(76.9)

Net gains/(losses) on sales of businesses – During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the amounts recognized were related to sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets and liabilities, consisting primarily of cash, as held for sale within our MD&E, IA&C, and SC&E reportable segments. The businesses sold and held for sale primarily represent unprofitable, non-strategic agencies which are expected to be sold within the next twelve months.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Loss on early extinguishment of debt – During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a loss of $74.0 related to the early extinguishment of all $250.0 aggregate principal amount of our 4.000% unsecured senior notes due 2022, all $500.0 aggregate principal amount of our 3.750% unsecured senior notes due 2023, and $250.0 of the $500.0 aggregate principal amount of our 4.200% unsecured senior notes due 2024.

Other - During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the amounts recognized were primarily related to a cash gain from the sale of an equity investment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the amounts recognized were primarily attributable to factors noted for the third quarter of 2022, partially offset by a non-cash loss related to the deconsolidation of a previously consolidated entity in which we maintain an equity interest in the second quarter of 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the amounts recognized were primarily related to a non-cash gain related to the deconsolidation of a previously consolidated subsidiary.

Share Repurchase Program

In February 2022, our Board of Directors (the "Board") reauthorized a program to repurchase, from time to time, up to $400.0 of our common stock.

We may effect such repurchases through open market purchases, trading plans established in accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules, derivative transactions or other means. The timing and amount of repurchases in future periods will depend on market conditions and other funding requirements.

The following table presents our share repurchase activity under our share repurchase programs for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Number of shares repurchased	7.1		—
Aggregate cost, including fees	$	221.6	$	—
Average price per share, including fees	$	31.1	$	—

As of September 30, 2022, $178.5, excluding fees, remains available for repurchase under the share repurchase program reauthorized in 2022, which has no expiration date.

Redeemable Non-controlling Interests

Many of our acquisitions include provisions under which the non-controlling equity owners may require us to purchase additional interests in a subsidiary at their discretion. Redeemable non-controlling interests are adjusted quarterly, if necessary, to their estimated redemption value, but not less than their initial fair value. Any adjustments to the redemption value impact retained earnings or additional paid in capital, except for foreign currency translation adjustments.

The following table presents changes in our redeemable non-controlling interests.


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	15.6	$	93.1
Change in related non-controlling interests balance	(0.8)		1.1
Changes in redemption value of redeemable non-controlling interests:

Additions	3.1		0.0
Redemptions	(9.4)		(22.7)
Redemption value adjustments	0.6		1.1
Balance at end of period	$	9.1	$	72.6

Goodwill

The Company transitioned to the new segment reporting structure effective January 1, 2022 which resulted in certain changes to our operating segments and reporting units. We have allocated goodwill to our reporting units using a relative fair

Table of Contents

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

value approach. In addition, we completed an assessment of any potential goodwill impairment for all reporting units immediately prior and subsequent to the reallocation and determined that no impairment existed.

Goodwill is the excess purchase price remaining from an acquisition after an allocation of purchase price has been made to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on estimated fair values.

The following table sets forth details of changes in goodwill by reportable segment of the Company:


	IAN		DXTRA		MD&E		IA&C		SC&E		Total
Balance at January 1, 2021	$	4,264.5	$	681.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,945.5
Dispositions	(0.2)		0.0		—		—		—		(0.2)
Foreign Currency and Other	(32.7)		(3.9)		—		—		—		(36.6)
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	4,231.6	$	677.1	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,908.7
Goodwill Reallocation	(4,231.6)		(677.1)		2,293.0		1,920.2		695.5		—
Balance at January 1, 2022	—		—		2,293.0		1,920.2		695.5		4,908.7
Dispositions and Deconsolidations	—		—		—		(6.5)		0.0		(6.5)
Foreign Currency and Other	—		—		(30.8)		(48.6)		(19.4)		(98.8)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	—	$	—	$	2,262.2	$	1,865.1	$	676.1	$	4,803.4

Note 6: Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our income tax expense was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which were recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards, partially offset by net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale for which we received minimal tax benefit.

We have various tax years under examination by tax authorities in various countries, and in various states, in which we have significant business operations. It is not yet known whether these examinations will, in the aggregate, result in our paying additional taxes. We believe our tax reserves are adequate in relation to the potential for additional assessments in each of the jurisdictions in which we are subject to taxation. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional tax assessments in those jurisdictions and, if necessary, adjust our reserves as additional information or events require.

With respect to all tax years open to examination by U.S. federal, various state and local, and non-U.S. tax authorities, we currently anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by an amount between $100.0 and $110.0 in the next twelve months, a portion of which will affect our effective income tax rate, primarily as a result of the settlement of tax examinations and the lapsing of statutes of limitations.

We are effectively settled with respect to U.S. federal income tax audits through 2016. With limited exceptions, we are no longer subject to state and local income tax audits for years prior to 2015 or non-U.S. income tax audits for years prior to 2010.

Table of Contents

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 7: Restructuring Charges

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, the Company took restructuring actions to lower its operating expenses structurally and permanently relative to revenue and to accelerate the transformation of our business (the “2020 Restructuring Plan”). These actions continued through the fourth quarter of 2020, and most were based on our experience and learning in the COVID-19 pandemic and a resulting review of our operations to address certain operating expenses such as occupancy expense and salaries and related expenses.

Lease impairment costs, which relate to the office spaces that were vacated as part of the 2020 Restructuring Plan, included impairments of operating lease right-of-use assets and associated leasehold improvements, furniture and asset retirement obligations in addition to losses and gains related to early lease terminations. Lease impairments were calculated based on estimated fair values using market participant assumptions including forecasted net discounted cash flows related to the operating lease right-of-use assets.

All restructuring actions were identified and initiated in 2020, with all actions completed by the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. The amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are adjustments to the actions taken in 2020.

The components of the restructuring charges related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan are listed below.


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Severance and termination costs	$	0.0	$	(2.1)	$	0.2	$	(0.1)
Lease impairment costs	(7.3)		(3.2)		(2.0)		(4.2)
Other restructuring costs	1.5		1.8		2.5		1.9
Total restructuring charges	$	(5.8)	$	(3.5)	$	0.7	$	(2.4)

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $(5.8) at SC&E for the three months ended September 30, 2022, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of $(7.3) at SC&E.

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $6.0 at IA&C, $(5.4) at SC&E and $0.1 at Corporate and Other for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of $5.1 at IA&C and $(7.1) at SC&E.

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $(0.4) at MD&E, $(0.2) at IA&C, $(0.6) at SC&E, and $(2.3) at Corporate and Other for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $(0.2) at MD&E, $(0.2) at IA&C, $0.2 at SC&E and $(2.2) at Corporate and Other for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

A summary of the restructuring activities taken in the first nine months of 2022 related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan is as follows:


	2020 Restructuring Plan
	Liability at December 31, 2021		Restructuring Expense		Non-Cash Items		Cash Payments		Liability at September 30, 2022
Severance and termination costs	$	9.4	$	0.2	$	0.0	$	6.7	$	2.9
Lease impairment costs	0.0		(2.0)		(2.0)		0.0		0.0
Other restructuring costs	0.0		2.5		2.5		0.0		0.0
Total	$	9.4	$	0.7	$	0.5	$	6.7	$	2.9

Note 8: Incentive Compensation Plans

We issue stock-based compensation and cash awards to our employees under various plans established by the Compensation and Leadership Talent Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Compensation Committee") and approved by our stockholders. We issued the following stock-based awards under the 2019 Performance Incentive Plan (the "2019 PIP") during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Table of Contents

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Awards	Weighted-average grant-date fair value (per award)
Restricted stock (units)	1.3	$	36.39
Performance-based stock (shares)	1.6	$	29.97

Total stock-based compensation awards	2.9

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Compensation Committee granted performance cash awards under the 2019 PIP and restricted cash awards under the 2020 Restricted Cash Plan with a total annual target value of $45.8 and $16.6, respectively. Cash awards are expensed over the vesting period, which is typically three years for performance cash awards and two years or three years for restricted cash awards.

Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax

The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, by component.


	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Derivative Instruments		Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	(723.2)	$	22.9	$	(193.9)	$	(894.2)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(228.5)		13.3		3.4		(211.8)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	0.5		(0.8)		3.7		3.4
Balance as of September 30, 2022	$	(951.2)	$	35.4	$	(186.8)	$	(1,102.6)


	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Derivative Instruments		Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	(637.6)	$	6.8	$	(249.4)	$	(880.2)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(74.7)		14.4		2.8		(57.5)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(1.0)		3.5		6.8		9.3
Balance as of September 30, 2021	$	(713.3)	$	24.7	$	(239.8)	$	(928.4)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,				Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	(1.3)	$	0.5	$	0.5	$	(1.0)	Other income (expense), net
Net (gain) loss on derivative instruments	(0.4)		(0.3)		(1.1)		4.6		Other income (expense), net, Interest expense
Amortization of defined benefit pension and postretirement plan items	1.5		3.6		4.8		8.4		Other income (expense), net
Tax effect	(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.8)		(2.7)		Provision for income taxes
Total amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	(0.5)	$	3.4	$	3.4	$	9.3

Table of Contents

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 10: Employee Benefits

We have a defined benefit pension plan that covers certain U.S. employees (the “Domestic Pension Plan”). We also have numerous funded and unfunded plans outside the U.S. The Interpublic Limited Pension Plan in the U.K. is a defined benefit plan and is our most material foreign pension plan in terms of the benefit obligation and plan assets. Some of our domestic and foreign subsidiaries provide postretirement health benefits and life insurance to eligible employees and, in certain cases, their dependents. The domestic postretirement benefit plan is our most material postretirement benefit plan in terms of the benefit obligation. Certain immaterial foreign pension and postretirement benefit plans have been excluded from the table below.

The components of net periodic cost for the Domestic Pension Plan, the significant foreign pension plans and the domestic postretirement benefit plan are listed below.


	Domestic Pension Plan				Foreign Pension Plans				Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Three Months Ended September 30,	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service cost	$	0.0	$	0.0	$	0.9	$	1.1	$	0.0	$	0.0
Interest cost	0.7		0.7		2.1		2.0		0.2		0.2
Expected return on plan assets	(1.1)		(1.4)		(4.7)		(5.2)		0.0		0.0
Settlements	0.0		1.2		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0
Amortization of:
Prior service cost	0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0
Unrecognized actuarial losses	0.3		0.5		1.1		1.7		0.1		0.2
Net periodic cost	$	(0.1)	$	1.0	$	(0.6)	$	(0.4)	$	0.3	$	0.4


	Domestic Pension Plan				Foreign Pension Plans				Domestic Postretirement Benefit Plan
Nine Months Ended September 30,	2022		2021		2022		2021		2022		2021
Service cost	$	0.0	$	0.0	$	3.2	$	3.3	$	0.0	$	0.0
Interest cost	2.1		2.2		6.8		6.0		0.5		0.5
Expected return on plan assets	(3.4)		(4.2)		(15.2)		(15.7)		0.0		0.0
Settlements	0.0		1.2		0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0
Amortization of:
Prior service cost	0.0		0.0		0.1		0.1		0.0		0.0
Unrecognized actuarial losses	1.0		1.3		3.4		5.1		0.3		0.7
Net periodic cost	$	(0.3)	$	0.5	$	(1.7)	$	(1.2)	$	0.8	$	1.2

The components of net periodic cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item “Other income (expense), net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we contributed $0.0 and $12.7 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively. For the remainder of 2022, we expect to contribute approximately $0.0 and $3.0 of cash to our domestic and foreign pension plans, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 11: Segment Information

As of September 30, 2022, we operate our results across three reportable segments: MD&E, IA&C, and SC&E.

MD&E primarily provides, and is distinguished by innovative capabilities and scale in, global media and communications services, digital services and products, advertising and marketing technology, e‐commerce services, data management and analytics, strategic consulting, and digital brand experience. MD&E is comprised of IPG Mediabrands, Acxiom, and Kinesso, as well as our digital and commerce specialist agencies, which include MRM, R/GA, and Huge.

IA&C primarily provides advertising, corporate and brand identity services, and strategic consulting. IA&C is distinguished by the leading role of complex integrations of ideation and the execution of advertising and creative campaigns across all communications channels that are foundational to client brand identities. IA&C is comprised of leading global networks and agencies that provide a broad range of services, including McCann Worldgroup, IPG Health, MullenLowe Group, Foote, Cone & Belding ("FCB"), and our domestic integrated agencies.

SC&E primarily provides best-in-class global public relations and other specialized communications services, events, sports and entertainment marketing, and strategic consulting. SC&E is comprised of agencies that provide a range of marketing services expertise, including Weber Shandwick, Golin, our sports, entertainment, and experiential agencies, and DXTRA Health.

We also report results for the Corporate and Other group.

In conjunction with the new reporting structure, prior period segment disclosures have been recast to reflect our new reportable segments, as well as the way performance is internally managed and monitored.

We continue to evaluate our financial reporting structure, and the profitability measure employed by our chief operating decision maker for allocating resources to operating divisions and assessing operating division performance is segment EBITA. Summarized financial information concerning our reportable segments is shown in the following table.

Table of Contents

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Total revenue:
MD&E	$	994.6	$	1,001.5	$	2,991.2	$	2,876.0
IA&C	1,057.5		1,033.3		3,215.1		3,035.4
SC&E	585.6		507.2		1,735.6		1,397.2
Total	$	2,637.7	$	2,542.0	$	7,941.9	$	7,308.6

Revenue before billable expenses:
MD&E	$	978.0	$	980.0	$	2,927.9	$	2,815.1
IA&C	973.3		951.2		2,941.1		2,789.7
SC&E	344.9		330.5		1,029.9		954.2
Total	$	2,296.2	$	2,261.7	$	6,898.9	$	6,559.0

Segment EBITA1:
MD&E	$	160.9	$	198.5	$	416.9	$	535.9
IA&C	157.3		152.7		464.9		453.7
SC&E	63.8		54.1		179.3		148.0
Corporate and Other	(20.0)		(32.3)		(61.9)		(94.0)
Total	$	362.0	$	373.0	$	999.2	$	1,043.6

Amortization of acquired intangibles:
MD&E	$	17.7	$	17.9	$	53.4	$	54.0
IA&C	1.7		2.5		6.4		7.7
SC&E	0.8		1.1		2.8		3.0
Corporate and Other	0.0		0.0		0.0		0.0
Total	$	20.2	$	21.5	$	62.6	$	64.7

Depreciation and amortization 2:
MD&E	$	26.0	$	26.0	$	77.8	$	75.3
IA&C	15.1		15.5		44.3		49.0
SC&E	4.2		4.0		12.6		13.3
Corporate and Other	1.5		2.4		4.6		6.4
Total	$	46.8	$	47.9	$	139.3	$	144.0

Capital expenditures:
MD&E	$	26.9	$	36.6	$	64.4	$	66.8
IA&C	10.0		15.8		27.0		34.9
SC&E	2.4		2.4		5.7		4.7
Corporate and Other	6.9		6.5		21.4		17.0
Total	$	46.2	$	61.3	$	118.5	$	123.4

1 Adjusted EBITA is calculated as net income available to IPG common stockholders before provision for income taxes, total (expenses) and other income, equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates, net income attributable to non-controlling interests and amortization of acquired intangibles.

2 Excludes amortization of acquired intangibles.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Total assets:
MD&E	$	8,443.0	$	9,580.6
IA&C	5,294.0		6,001.1
SC&E	1,649.6		1,594.0
Corporate and Other	1,488.6		2,733.5
Total	$	16,875.2	$	19,909.2

The following table presents the reconciliation of segment EBITA to Income before income taxes.


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
MD&E EBITA	$	160.9	$	198.5	$	416.9	$	535.9
IA&C EBITA	157.3		152.7		464.9		453.7
SC&E EBITA	63.8		54.1		179.3		148.0
Corporate and Other EBITA	(20.0)		(32.3)		(61.9)		(94.0)
Less: consolidated amortization of acquired intangibles	20.2		21.5		62.6		64.7
Operating income	341.8		351.5		936.6		978.9
Total (expenses) and other income	(10.4)		(33.2)		(80.5)		(190.1)
Income before income taxes	$	331.4	$	318.3	$	856.1	$	788.8

Note 12: Fair Value Measurements

Authoritative guidance for fair value measurements establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:


Level 1						Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. An active market for the asset or liability is a market in which transactions for the asset or liability occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.

Level 2						Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3						Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Financial Instruments that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

We primarily apply the market approach to determine the fair value of financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There were no changes to our valuation techniques used to determine the fair value of financial instruments during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The following tables present information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and indicate the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


	September 30, 2022								Balance Sheet Classification
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	1,078.1	$	0.0	$	0.0	$	1,078.1	Cash and cash equivalents
Liabilities
Contingent acquisition obligations 1	$	0.0	$	0.0	$	20.7	$	20.7	Accrued liabilities and Other non-current liabilities

	December 31, 2021								Balance Sheet Classification
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Cash equivalents	$	2,391.8	$	0.0	$	0.0	$	2,391.8	Cash and cash equivalents
Liabilities
Contingent acquisition obligations 1	$	0.0	$	0.0	$	33.5	$	33.5	Accrued liabilities and Other non-current liabilities

1Contingent acquisition obligations includes deferred acquisition payments and unconditional obligations to purchase additional non-controlling equity shares of consolidated subsidiaries. Fair value measurement of the obligations is based upon actual and projected operating performance targets as specified in the related agreements. The decrease in this balance of $12.8 from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022 is primarily due to payments related to our deferred acquisitions payments from prior-year acquisitions and valuation adjustments, partially offset by the exercises of redeemable non-controlling interest. The amounts payable within the next twelve months are classified in accrued liabilities; any amounts payable thereafter are classified in other non-current liabilities.

Financial Instruments that are not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents information about our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized to determine such fair value.


	September 30, 2022								December 31, 2021
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Total long-term debt	$	0.0	$	2,452.3	$	33.4	$	2,485.7	$	0.0	$	3,295.6	$	41.8	$	3,337.4

Our long-term debt is comprised of senior notes and other notes payable. The fair value of our senior notes, which are traded over-the-counter, is based on quoted prices in markets that are not active. Therefore, these senior notes are classified as Level 2. Our other notes payable are not actively traded, and their fair value is not solely derived from readily observable inputs. The fair value of our other notes payable is determined based on a discounted cash flow model and other proprietary valuation methods, and therefore is classified as Level 3. See Note 3 for further information on our long-term debt.

The discount rates used as significant unobservable inputs in the Level 3 fair value measurements of our contingent acquisition obligations and long-term debt as of September 30, 2022 ranged from 3.0% to 6.0% and 0.4% to 3.4%, respectively.

Non-financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain non-financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, primarily goodwill (Level 3), intangible assets, and property and equipment. Accordingly, these assets are not measured and adjusted to fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to periodic evaluations for potential impairment.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Note 13: Commitments and Contingencies

Guarantees

As discussed in our 2021 Annual Report, we have guaranteed certain obligations of our subsidiaries relating principally to operating leases, uncommitted lines of credit and cash pooling arrangements. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the amount of parent company guarantees on lease obligations was $586.3 and $667.5, respectively, the amount of parent company guarantees relating to uncommitted lines of credit was $267.5 and $306.5, respectively, and the amount of parent company guarantees related to daylight overdrafts, primarily utilized to manage intra-day overdrafts due to timing of transactions under cash pooling arrangements without resulting in incremental borrowings, was $93.7 and $104.4, respectively. In the event of non-payment by the applicable subsidiary of the obligations covered by a guarantee, we would be obligated to pay the amounts covered by that guarantee. As of September 30, 2022, there were no material assets pledged as security for such parent company guarantees.

Legal Matters

We are involved in various legal proceedings, and subject to investigations, inspections, audits, inquiries and similar actions by governmental authorities, arising in the normal course of business. The types of allegations that arise in connection with such legal proceedings vary in nature, but can include claims related to contract, employment, tax and intellectual property matters. We evaluate all cases each reporting period and record liabilities for losses from legal proceedings when we determine that it is probable that the outcome in a legal proceeding will be unfavorable and the amount, or potential range, of loss can be reasonably estimated. In certain cases, we cannot reasonably estimate the potential loss because, for example, the litigation is in its early stages. While any outcome related to litigation or such governmental proceedings in which we are involved cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Note 14: Recent Accounting Standards

Accounting pronouncements not listed below were assessed and determined to be not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Derivatives and Hedging

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued amended guidance on hedge accounting which allows nonprepayable financial assets to be included in a closed portfolio hedge using the portfolio layer method, allowing for more consistent accounting over prepayable and nonprepayable hedges. The new guidance also allows multiple hedged layers to be designated for a single closed portfolio, further aligning hedge accounting with risk management strategies. This amended guidance is effective beginning January 1, 2023, with early adoption permitted. We are currently assessing the impact the adoption of the amended guidance will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 15: Subsequent Events

RafterOne Acquisition Closing

On September 23, 2022, we entered into a definitive purchase agreement to acquire approximately 83.9% of the outstanding shares of RafterOne with options to purchase the remaining outstanding shares. The transaction closed on October 3, 2022 for a cash payment of $241.2, subject to customary closing adjustments.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)


Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help you understand The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company,” “IPG,” “we,” “us” or “our”). MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included in this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Annual Report”), as well as our other reports and filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Our 2021 Annual Report includes additional information about our significant accounting policies and practices as well as details about the most significant risks and uncertainties associated with our financial and operating results. Our MD&A includes the following sections:

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY provides a discussion about our strategic outlook, factors influencing our business and an overview of our results of operations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS provides an analysis of the consolidated and segment results of operations for the periods presented.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES provides an overview of our cash flows, funding requirements, financing and sources of funds, and debt credit ratings.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES provides an update to the discussion in our 2021 Annual Report of our accounting policies that require critical judgment, assumptions and estimates.

RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, by reference to Note 14 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, provides a discussion of certain accounting standards that have been recently adopted or that have not yet been required to be implemented and may be applicable to our future operations.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE, provides a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measure with the most directly comparable generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) financial measures and sets forth the reasons we believe that presentation of the non-GAAP financial measure contained therein provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and financial condition.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Our Business

We are one of the world’s premier global advertising and marketing services companies. With approximately 58,500 employees and operations in all major world markets, we help our clients’ businesses and brands thrive in a consumer economy increasingly defined by digital media, data and continuous change. At IPG, we combine the power of creativity with the benefits of technology, fueling our offerings with a deep understanding of audiences at the individual level, driven by ethical business practices. We have exceptionally talented people, across a balanced portfolio of strong agency brands, who together have set a standard for growth in our industry in recent years.

Our companies specialize in consumer advertising, digital marketing, communications planning and media buying, public relations, specialized communications disciplines and data science. Our networks create customized marketing solutions for clients that range in scale from large global marketers to regional and local clients. Comprehensive global services are critical to effectively serve our multinational and local clients in markets throughout the world as they seek to build brands, increase sales of their products and services, and gain market share.

We operate in a marketing and media landscape that continues to evolve at a rapid pace. Media channels continue to fragment, and clients face an increasingly complex consumer environment. To stay ahead of these challenges and to achieve our objectives, we have made and continue to make investments in creative, strategic and technology talent in areas including fast-growth digital marketing channels, high-growth geographic regions and strategic world markets. We consistently invest in opportunities within our Company to enhance the professional skills of our employees and encourage intra-company collaboration. As appropriate, we also make acquisitions, enter into strategic alliances, and develop relationships with technology and media companies that are building leading-edge marketing tools that complement our agencies’ skill sets and capabilities.

Our financial goals include competitive organic growth of revenue before billable expenses and expansion of Adjusted EBITA margin, as defined and discussed within the Non-GAAP Financial Measure section of this MD&A, which we expect will further strengthen our balance sheet and total liquidity and increase value to our stakeholders. Accordingly, we remain focused on meeting the evolving needs of our clients while concurrently managing our cost structure. We continually seek

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

greater efficiency in the delivery of our services, focusing on more effective resource utilization, including the productivity of our employees, real estate, information technology and shared services, such as finance, human resources and legal. The improvements we have made and continue to make in our financial reporting and business information systems in recent years allow us more timely and actionable insights from our global operations. Our disciplined approach to our balance sheet and liquidity provides us with a solid financial foundation and financial flexibility to manage and grow our business. We believe that our strategy and execution position us to meet our financial goals and to deliver long-term value to all of our stakeholders.

Current Market Conditions

In the third quarter of 2022, we experienced organic growth of revenue before billable expenses, driven in our domestic market by growth across nearly all disciplines, most notably in our advertising and media businesses, as well as our experiential businesses. We also had organic growth in our international markets across all geographic regions, bolstered by strong performance at our media and advertising businesses in addition to our public relations agencies. In contrast, we have begun to see some impact of heightened economic uncertainty, most notably in our digital project-based offerings. The continued spread of new COVID-19 variants did not have a significant impact on our growth in the quarter. The future course of the pandemic could negatively impact economic conditions generally or locally and our resulting financial performance. Other macroeconomic risks to our performance for the remainder of 2022 include the impact of any general economic slowdown or contraction, the extent of inflation of labor costs and potential for labor shortages, inflationary pressures on our clients and their customers, the economic impacts of geopolitical conflict and uncertainty, and the impact of continuing and unpredictable supply chain disruptions across the global economy. See Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Our Financial Information

When we analyze period-to-period changes in our operating performance, we determine the portion of the change that is attributable to changes in foreign currency rates and the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, and the remainder we call organic change, which indicates how our underlying business performed. We exclude the impact of billable expenses in analyzing our operating performance as the fluctuations from period to period are not indicative of the performance of our underlying businesses and have no impact on our operating income or net income.

The change in our operating performance attributable to changes in foreign currency rates is determined by converting the prior-period reported results using the current-period exchange rates and comparing these prior-period adjusted amounts to the prior-period reported results. Although the U.S. Dollar is our reporting currency, a substantial portion of our revenues and expenses are generated in foreign currencies. Therefore, our reported results are affected by fluctuations in the currencies in which we conduct our international businesses. Our exposure is mitigated as the majority of our revenues and expenses in any given market are generally denominated in the same currency. Both positive and negative currency fluctuations against the U.S. Dollar affect our consolidated results of operations, and the magnitude of the foreign currency impact to our operations related to each geographic region depends on the significance and operating performance of the region. Our results during the first nine months of 2022 were most adversely impacted by the strength of the U.S. Dollar against the Euro, British Pound Sterling, and Japanese Yen.

For purposes of analyzing changes in our operating performance attributable to the net effect of acquisitions and divestitures, transactions are treated as if they occurred on the first day of the quarter during which the transaction occurred. During the past few years, we have acquired companies that we believe will enhance our offerings and disposed of businesses that are not consistent with our strategic plan.

As discussed in Note 11 in Item 1, Financial Statements (Unaudited), in January 2022, the Company completed a managerial and operational review, which resulted in organizational realignments to our financial reporting segment structure. As a result, we have determined we operate across three reportable segments. The three reportable segments are: Media, Data & Engagement Solutions ("MD&E"), Integrated Advertising & Creativity Led Solutions ("IA&C"), and Specialized Communications & Experiential Solutions ("SC&E"). The historical results, discussion and presentation of our business segments as set forth in this MD&A reflect the impact of these changes for all periods presented in order to present segment information on a comparable basis and does not impact the Company's unaudited consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statement of cash flows and consolidated statements of stockholders' equity for any of the previously reported periods.

The metrics that we use to evaluate our financial performance include organic change in revenue before billable expenses as well as the change in certain operating expenses, and the components thereof, expressed as a percentage of consolidated

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

revenue before billable expenses, as well as Adjusted EBITA. These metrics are also used by management to assess the financial performance of our reportable segments, MD&E, IA&C, and SC&E. In certain of our discussions, we analyze revenue before billable expenses by geographic region and by business sector, in which we focus on our top 500 clients, which typically constitute approximately 85% of our annual consolidated revenue before billable expenses.

Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022. The Consolidated Financial Statements and MD&A presented herein reflect the latest estimates and assumptions made by us that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented. We believe we have used reasonable estimates and assumptions to assess the fair values of goodwill, long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets; assessment of the annual effective tax rate; valuation of deferred income taxes and allowance for expected credit losses on future uncollectible accounts receivable. If actual market conditions vary significantly from those currently projected, these estimates and assumptions could materially change resulting in adjustments to the carrying values of our assets and liabilities.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

The following table presents a summary of our financial performance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.


	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
Statement of Operations Data	2022			2021			% Increase/ (Decrease)		2022			2021			% Increase/ (Decrease)
REVENUE:
Revenue before billable expenses	$	2,296.2		$	2,261.7		1.5	%	$	6,898.9		$	6,559.0		5.2	%
Billable expenses	341.5			280.3			21.8	%	1,043.0			749.6			39.1	%
Total revenue	$	2,637.7		$	2,542.0		3.8	%	$	7,941.9		$	7,308.6		8.7	%

OPERATING INCOME	$	341.8		$	351.5		(2.8)	%	$	936.6		$	978.9		(4.3)	%

Adjusted EBITA 1	$	362.0		$	373.0		(2.9)	%	$	999.2		$	1,043.6		(4.3)	%

NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO IPG COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	251.8		$	239.9				$	640.8		$	594.9

Earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders:
Basic	$	0.64		$	0.61				$	1.63		$	1.51
Diluted	$	0.64		$	0.60				$	1.62		$	1.49

Operating Ratios
Organic change in revenue before billable expenses	5.6		%	15.0		%			8.2		%	12.0		%

Operating margin on revenue before billable expenses	14.9		%	15.5		%			13.6		%	14.9		%
Operating margin on total revenue	13.0		%	13.8		%			11.8		%	13.4		%

Adjusted EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses 1	15.8		%	16.5		%			14.5		%	15.9		%

Expenses as a % of revenue before billable expenses:
Salaries and related expenses	67.4		%	66.8		%			68.1		%	66.9		%
Office and other direct expenses	14.3		%	13.3		%			14.5		%	13.6		%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	0.8		%	1.4		%			0.8		%	1.4		%
Depreciation and amortization	2.9		%	3.1		%			2.9		%	3.2		%
Restructuring charges 2	(0.3)		%	(0.2)		%			0.0		%	0.0		%

1 Adjusted EBITA is a financial measure that is not defined by U.S. GAAP. Adjusted EBITA is calculated as net income available to IPG common stockholders before provision for income taxes, total (expenses) and other income, equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates, net income attributable to non-controlling interests and amortization of acquired intangibles. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measure” section of this MD&A for additional information and for a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP measures.

2 For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, results include net restructuring charges of $(5.8) and $0.7, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, results include net restructuring charges of $(3.5) and $(2.4), respectively. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Total revenue, which includes billable expenses, increased 3.8% during the third quarter of 2022. Our organic increase of revenue before billable expenses was 5.6% for the third quarter of 2022, which was driven by net higher spending from existing

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

clients across most sectors, notably in the health care, financial services, retail and other sectors, which also each increased from net client wins. During the third quarter of 2022, our Adjusted EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses decreased to 15.8% from 16.5% in the prior-year period as the increase in revenue before billable expenses, discussed below in the “Results of Operations” section, was outpaced by the overall increase in our operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles.

Total revenue, which includes billable expenses, increased 8.7% during the first nine months of 2022. Our organic increase of revenue before billable expenses was 8.2% for the first nine months of 2022, which was driven by higher spending from existing clients across nearly all sectors, most notably in the health care, financial services, other, technology & telecom and retail sectors. During the first nine months of 2022, our Adjusted EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses decreased to 14.5% from 15.9% in the prior-year period as the increase in revenue before billable expenses, discussed below in the “Results of Operations” section, was outpaced by the overall increase in our operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Results of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

Revenue before billable expenses

Our revenue before billable expenses is directly impacted by the retention and spending levels of existing clients and by our ability to win new clients. Most of our expenses are recognized ratably throughout the year and are therefore less seasonal than revenue. Our revenue before billable expenses is typically lowest in the first quarter and highest in the fourth quarter, reflecting the seasonal spending of our clients.


			Components of Change								Change
	Three months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Three months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	2,261.7	$	(82.1)	$	(9.9)	$	126.5	$	2,296.2	5.6	%	1.5	%
Domestic	1,459.3		—		0.0		63.7		1,523.0		4.4	%	4.4	%
International	802.4		(82.1)		(9.9)		62.8		773.2		7.8	%	(3.6)	%
United Kingdom	195.1		(28.2)		0.0		9.6		176.5		4.9	%	(9.5)	%
Continental Europe	178.1		(26.3)		0.0		8.3		160.1		4.7	%	(10.1)	%
Asia Pacific	192.0		(15.7)		0.0		10.8		187.1		5.6	%	(2.6)	%
Latin America	96.3		(6.7)		(1.3)		19.1		107.4		19.8	%	11.5	%
Other	140.9		(5.2)		(8.6)		15.0		142.1		10.6	%	0.9	%

The 4.4% organic increase during the third quarter of 2022 in our domestic market was driven by growth in our advertising, media and experiential businesses. In our international markets, the 7.8% organic increase was driven by organic growth from all geographic regions, bolstered by strong performance at our media and advertising businesses in addition to our public relations agencies and digital project-based offerings.


			Components of Change								Change
	Nine months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Nine months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	6,559.0	$	(167.7)	$	(31.4)	$	539.0	$	6,898.9	8.2	%	5.2	%
Domestic	4,204.6		—		0.0		343.4		4,548.0		8.2	%	8.2	%
International	2,354.4		(167.7)		(31.4)		195.6		2,350.9		8.3	%	(0.1)	%
United Kingdom	573.7		(50.9)		0.0		20.9		543.7		3.6	%	(5.2)	%
Continental Europe	559.4		(62.0)		0.0		41.8		539.2		7.5	%	(3.6)	%
Asia Pacific	553.6		(34.0)		(5.7)		35.6		549.5		6.4	%	(0.7)	%
Latin America	268.6		(12.4)		(3.0)		43.8		297.0		16.3	%	10.6	%
Other	399.1		(8.4)		(22.7)		53.5		421.5		13.4	%	5.6	%

The 8.2% organic increase during the first nine months of 2022 in our domestic market was driven by growth in our advertising, media and experiential businesses. In our international markets, the 8.3% organic increase was driven by organic growth from all geographic regions, bolstered by strong performance at our media and advertising businesses in addition to our experiential businesses and public relations agencies.

Refer to the segment discussion later in this MD&A for information on changes in revenue before billable expenses by segment.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Salaries and Related Expenses


	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			% Increase/ (Decrease)		2022			2021			% Increase/ (Decrease)
Salaries and related expenses	$	1,546.8		$	1,511.2		2.4	%	$	4,701.4		$	4,389.2		7.1	%









As a % of revenue before billable expenses:
Salaries and related expenses	67.4		%	66.8		%			68.1		%	66.9		%
Base salaries, benefits and tax	57.9		%	53.9		%			58.1		%	54.9		%
Incentive expense	3.3		%	5.8		%			3.9		%	5.5		%
Severance expense	1.1		%	0.8		%			0.7		%	0.5		%
Temporary help	4.0		%	5.0		%			4.4		%	4.7		%
All other salaries and related expenses	1.1		%	1.3		%			1.0		%	1.3		%

Total salaries and related expenses increased 2.4% during the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by an increase in base salaries, benefits and tax, which was driven by hiring to support revenue growth, partially offset by a decrease in performance-based employee compensation expense and temporary help expense.

Total salaries and related expenses increased 7.1% during the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2022.

Office and Other Direct Expenses


	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			% Increase/ (Decrease)		2022			2021			% Increase/ (Decrease)
Office and other direct expenses	$	327.9		$	300.9		9.0	%	$	1,001.1		$	894.8		11.9	%






As a % of revenue before billable expenses:
Office and other direct expenses	14.3		%	13.3		%			14.5		%	13.6		%
Occupancy expense	4.8		%	5.0		%			4.9		%	5.2		%
All other office and other direct expenses 1	9.5		%	8.3		%			9.6		%	8.4		%

1Includes client service costs, non-pass through production expenses, travel and entertainment, professional fees, spending to support new business activity, telecommunications, office supplies, bad debt expense, adjustments to contingent acquisition obligations, foreign currency losses (gains) and other expenses.

Office and other direct expenses increased by 9.0% during the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the prior-year period. The increase in office and other direct expenses was mainly due to increases in travel and entertainment expenses, client services costs and professional consulting fees, as well as increases in new business development, partially offset by a decrease in occupancy expense.

Office and other direct expenses increased by 11.9% during the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the prior-year period. The increase in office and other direct expenses was mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2022 as well as increases in expenses related to company meetings and conferences.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) are primarily the unallocated expenses of our "Corporate and Other" group, as detailed further in the segment discussion later in this MD&A, excluding depreciation and amortization. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, SG&A decreased as compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to decreases in performance-based incentive compensation expense and general corporate expenses, partially offset by an increase in professional consulting fees. For the first nine months of 2022, SG&A decreased as compared to the prior-year period,

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

primarily due to decreases in performance-based incentive compensation expense, partially offset by increases in base salaries, benefits and tax and an increase in professional consulting fees.

Depreciation and Amortization

During the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, depreciation and amortization expenses decreased compared to the prior-year periods.

Restructuring Charges

The components of the restructuring charges related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan are listed below.


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Severance and termination costs	$	0.0	$	(2.1)	$	0.2	$	(0.1)
Lease impairment costs	(7.3)		(3.2)		(2.0)		(4.2)
Other restructuring costs	1.5		1.8		2.5		1.9
Total restructuring charges	$	(5.8)	$	(3.5)	$	0.7	$	(2.4)

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $(5.8) at SC&E for the three months ended September 30, 2022, which include non-cash lease impairment costs of $(7.3) at SC&E.

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $(0.4) at MD&E, $(0.2) at IA&C, $(0.6) at SC&E, and $(2.3) at Corporate and Other for the three months ended September 30, 2021.

Net restructuring charges were comprised of $(0.2) at MD&E, $(0.2) at IA&C, $0.2 at SC&E and $(2.2) at Corporate and Other for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

A summary of the restructuring activities taken in the first nine months of 2022 related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan is as follows:


	2020 Restructuring Plan
	Liability at December 31, 2021		Restructuring Expense		Non-Cash Items		Cash Payments		Liability at September 30, 2022
Severance and termination costs	$	9.4	$	0.2	$	0.0	$	6.7	$	2.9
Lease impairment costs	0.0		(2.0)		(2.0)		0.0		0.0
Other restructuring costs	0.0		2.5		2.5		0.0		0.0
Total	$	9.4	$	0.7	$	0.5	$	6.7	$	2.9

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

EXPENSES AND OTHER INCOME


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cash interest on debt obligations	$	(43.8)	$	(42.0)	$	(122.6)	$	(130.8)
Non-cash interest	(1.1)		(0.9)		(2.7)		(4.3)
Interest expense	(44.9)		(42.9)		(125.3)		(135.1)
Interest income	17.0		7.4		38.0		21.9
Net interest expense	(27.9)		(35.5)		(87.3)		(113.2)
Other income (expense), net	17.5		2.3		6.8		(76.9)
Total (expenses) and other income	$	(10.4)	$	(33.2)	$	(80.5)	$	(190.1)

Net interest expense decreased by $7.6 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to a year ago, primarily attributable to decreased cash interest expense as a result of the maturity of our $500.0 in aggregate principal amount 3.750% unsecured senior notes in the fourth quarter of 2021, and higher interest yield on our cash deposits, partially offset by higher interest expense on bank overdrafts, resulting in increased interest income.

Net interest expense decreased by $25.9 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to a year ago, primarily attributable to factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2022.

Results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 include certain items that are not directly associated with our revenue-producing operations.

Other Income (Expense), Net


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net gains/(losses) on sales of businesses	$	3.1	$	(4.4)	$	(4.0)	$	(18.6)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt	—		—		—		(74.0)
Other	14.4		6.7		10.8		15.7
Other income (expense), net	$	17.5	$	2.3	$	6.8	$	(76.9)

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

INCOME TAXES


	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	$	331.4	$	318.3	$	856.1	$	788.8
Provision for income taxes	$	76.4	$	73.9	$	209.2	$	184.4

Our tax rates are affected by many factors, including our worldwide earnings from various countries, changes in legislation and tax characteristics of our income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, our income tax expense was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which were recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards, partially offset by net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale for which we received minimal tax benefit.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, our income tax expense was positively impacted by excess tax benefits on employee share-based payments, the majority of which were recognized in the first quarter due to the timing of the vesting of awards, and the revaluation of deferred tax balances resulting from the enactment of tax law changes. This was partially offset by net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale for which we received minimal tax benefit, as well as by losses in certain foreign jurisdictions where we receive no tax benefit due to 100% valuation allowances.

EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $0.64 and $1.63, respectively, compared to basic earnings per share of $0.61 and $1.51 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Diluted earnings per share available to IPG common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 were $0.64 and $1.62, respectively, compared to diluted earnings per share of $0.60 and $1.49 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2022 included a negative impact of $0.04 from the amortization of acquired intangibles and positive impacts of $0.01 from restructuring charges, $0.03 from the sale of an equity investment, and $0.01 from net gains on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included negative impacts of $0.13 from the amortization of acquired intangibles, $0.01 from net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, and $0.01 from the deconsolidation of a previously consolidated entity, as well as a positive impact of $0.03 from the sale of an equity investment.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2021 included a negative impact of $0.04 from the amortization of acquired intangibles, a positive impact of $0.01 from restructuring charges, a negative impact of $0.01 from net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale and a positive impact of $0.01 from the deconsolidation of a previously consolidated entity.

Basic and diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included a negative impact of $0.13 from the amortization of acquired intangibles, a positive impact of $0.01 from restructuring charges, a negative impact of $0.04 from net losses on sales of businesses and the classification of certain assets as held for sale, a positive impact of $0.01 from the deconsolidation of a previously consolidated entity and a negative impact of $0.14 from the loss on early extinguishment of debt.

Segment Results of Operations – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

As discussed in Note 11 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, we have three reportable segments as of September 30, 2022: MD&E, IA&C and SC&E. We also report results for the “Corporate and Other” group.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Media, Data & Engagement Solutions

Revenue before billable expenses


			Components of Change								Change
	Three months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Three months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	980.0	$	(39.1)	$	0.0	$	37.1	$	978.0	3.8	%	(0.2)	%
Domestic	606.8		—		0.0		(0.3)		606.5		0.0	%	0.0	%
International	373.2		(39.1)		0.0		37.4		371.5		10.0	%	(0.5)	%

The organic increase during the third quarter of 2022 was mainly attributable to net higher spending from existing clients in our retail, financial services and health care sectors. Organic revenue was relatively flat during the third quarter of 2022 in our domestic market, attributable to revenue increases at our media businesses and data management and analytics offset by decreases in our digital project-based offerings. In our international markets, the 10.0% organic increase was primarily driven by increases at our media businesses and digital project-based offerings, and was most notable in the Latin America and Asia Pacific regions.


			Components of Change								Change
	Nine months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Nine months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	2,815.1	$	(83.0)	$	(0.2)	$	196.0	$	2,927.9	7.0	%	4.0	%
Domestic	1,733.2		—		0.0		78.7		1,811.9		4.5	%	4.5	%
International	1,081.9		(83.0)		(0.2)		117.3		1,116.0		10.8	%	3.2	%

The organic increase during the first nine months of 2022 was mainly attributable to net higher spending from existing clients across nearly all sectors, most notably in the financial services, other, retail and health care sectors. The organic increase during the first nine months of 2022 in our domestic market was driven by factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2022. In our international markets, the organic increase was driven by growth across all disciplines, and was most notable in Continental Europe, Latin America, and Asia Pacific regions.

Segment EBITA


	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Change		2022			2021			Change
Segment EBITA	$	160.9		$	198.5		(18.9)	%	$	416.9		$	535.9		(22.2)	%
Segment EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses	16.5		%	20.3		%			14.2		%	19.0		%

Segment EBITA margin decreased during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the prior-year period, as revenue before billable expenses was relatively flat as organic revenue growth was offset by changes in foreign currency, while there was an increase in our operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. The increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior-year period was primarily driven by increases in base salaries, benefits and tax, which was driven by hiring to support revenue growth, partially offset by decreases in performance-based incentive compensation expense. Office and other direct expense increased mainly due to increases in client service costs, travel and entertainment expenses, and professional consulting fees.

Segment EBITA margin decreased during the first nine months of 2022 when compared to the prior-year period, as the increase in revenue before billable expenses, as discussed above, was outpaced by the increase in our operating expenses, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. Revenue before billable expenses growth of 4.0% was outpaced by the increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2022. Office and other direct expenses increased mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2022 in addition to increases in expenses related to company meetings and conferences.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Depreciation and amortization, excluding amortization of acquired intangibles, as a percentage of revenue before billable expenses was 2.7% during the third quarter of 2022 and the first nine months of 2022, which decreased slightly as compared to the prior-year periods.

Integrated Advertising & Creativity Led Solutions

Revenue before billable expenses


			Components of Change								Change
	Three months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Three months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	951.2	$	(31.7)	$	(9.8)	$	63.6	$	973.3	6.7	%	2.3	%
Domestic	620.5		—		0.0		45.0		665.5		7.3	%	7.3	%
International	330.7		(31.7)		(9.8)		18.6		307.8		5.6	%	(6.9)	%

The organic increase during the third quarter of 2022 was driven by net higher spending from existing clients in our health care and other sectors, which also increased from net client wins. The 7.3% organic increase during the third quarter of 2022 in our domestic market was driven by growth in our advertising businesses. In our international markets, the 5.6% organic increase was driven by growth in our advertising businesses, and was most notable in the Other region led by the Middle East and Canada.


			Components of Change								Change
	Nine months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Nine months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	2,789.7	$	(62.5)	$	(29.7)	$	243.6	$	2,941.1	8.7	%	5.4	%
Domestic	1,810.8		—		0.0		191.7		2,002.5		10.6	%	10.6	%
International	978.9		(62.5)		(29.7)		51.9		938.6		5.3	%	(4.1)	%

The organic increase during the first nine months of 2022 was mainly attributable to net higher spending from existing clients in across all sectors, most notably in the health care, other, financial services and technology & telecom sectors, which also increased from net client wins. The organic increase during the first nine months of 2022 in our domestic market was driven by growth in our advertising businesses. In our international markets, the organic increase was driven by growth in our advertising businesses, and was most notable in the Other region led by the Middle East and Canada.

Segment EBITA


	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Change		2022			2021			Change
Segment EBITA 1	$	157.3		$	152.7		3.0	%	$	464.9		$	453.7		2.1	%
Segment EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses 1	16.2		%	16.1		%			15.8		%	16.3		%

1 Segment EBITA and Segment EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses includes restructuring charges of $0.0 and $6.0 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and restructuring charges of $(0.2) and $(0.2) in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Segment EBITA margin increased during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the prior-year period, as the increase in revenue before billable expenses, as discussed above, outpaced the overall increase in our operating expense, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. Revenue before billable expenses growth of 2.3% outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by increases in base salaries, benefits and tax, which was driven by hiring to support revenue growth, partially offset by decreases in performance-based employee compensation expense and temporary help expense. Office and other direct expense increased mainly due to increases in travel and entertainment expenses and client service costs, partially offset by lower occupancy expense as a result of real estate restructuring actions taken in 2020.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Segment EBITA margin decreased during the first nine months of 2022 compared to the prior-year period, as the increase in revenue before billable expenses, as discussed above, was outpaced by the overall increase in our operating expense, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. Revenue before billable expenses growth of 5.4% was outpaced by the increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior year period, mainly due to increases in base salaries, benefits and tax, which was driven by hiring to support revenue growth, partially offset by decreases in performance-based employee compensation expense. Office and other direct expenses increased mainly due to increases in travel and entertainment expenses, client services costs and new business development, partially offset by lower occupancy expense as a result of real estate restructuring actions taken in 2020, and a reduction in the year-over-year change in contingent acquisition obligations.

Depreciation and amortization, excluding amortization of acquired intangibles, as a percentage of revenue before billable expenses was 1.6% during the third quarter of 2022 and 1.5% in the first nine months of 2022, which decreased compared to the prior-year periods.

Specialized Communications & Experiential Solutions

Revenue before billable expenses


			Components of Change								Change
	Three months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Three months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	330.5	$	(11.3)	$	(0.1)	$	25.8	$	344.9	7.8	%	4.4	%
Domestic	232.0		—		0.0		19.0		251.0		8.2	%	8.2	%
International	98.5		(11.3)		(0.1)		6.8		93.9		6.9	%	(4.7)	%

The organic increase during the third quarter of 2022 was mainly attributable to net higher spending from existing clients in the health care, technology & telecom, auto & transportation and financial services sectors. The organic increase of 8.2% during the third quarter of 2022 in our domestic market was driven by revenue increases at both our experiential businesses and public relations agencies. In our international market, the 6.9% organic increase was driven by growth at both our public relations agencies and experiential businesses, and was most notable in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe regions.


			Components of Change								Change
	Nine months ended September 30, 2021		Foreign Currency		Net Acquisitions/ (Divestitures)		Organic		Nine months ended September 30, 2022		Organic		Total
Consolidated	$	954.2	$	(22.2)	$	(1.5)	$	99.4	$	1,029.9	10.4	%	7.9	%
Domestic	660.6		—		0.0		73.0		733.6		11.1	%	11.1	%
International	293.6		(22.2)		(1.5)		26.4		296.3		9.0	%	0.9	%

The organic increase during the first nine months of 2022 was mainly attributable to net higher spending from existing clients across nearly all sectors, most notably in the technology & telecom, food & beverage, health care, financial services and auto & transportation sectors. The organic increase during the first nine months of 2022 in our domestic market was driven by revenue increases at both our experiential businesses and public relations agencies. In our international market, the organic increase was driven by growth at both our experiential businesses and public relations agencies, and was most notable in the United Kingdom, Asia Pacific and Continental Europe regions.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Segment EBITA


	Three months ended September 30,								Nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			Change		2022			2021			Change
Segment EBITA 1	$	63.8		$	54.1		12.5	%	$	179.3		$	148.0		23.3	%
Segment EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses 1	18.5		%	16.4		%			17.4		%	15.5		%

1 Segment EBITA and Segment EBITA margin on revenue before billable expenses include restructuring charges of $(5.8) and $(5.4) in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively and restructuring charges of $(0.6) and $0.2 in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

Segment EBITA margin increased during the third quarter of 2022 compared to the prior-year period, as the increase in revenue before billable expenses, as discussed above, outpaced the overall increase in our operating expense, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. Revenue before billable expenses growth of 4.4% outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses, as compared to the prior-year period, primarily driven by an increase in base salaries, benefits and tax, which was driven by hiring to support revenue growth, partially offset by a decrease in performance-based employee compensation expense. Office and other direct expense increased mainly due to increases in travel and entertainment expenses and new business development.

Segment EBITA margin increased during the first nine months of 2022 when compared to the prior-year period, as the increase in revenue before billable expenses of 7.9% outpaced the overall increase in our operating expense, excluding billable expenses and amortization of acquired intangibles. Revenue before billable expenses growth outpaced the increase in salaries and related expenses as compared to the prior year period, mainly due to factors similar to those noted above for the third quarter of 2022. Office and other direct expense increased mainly due to increases in travel and entertainment expenses, as well as increases in new business development and expenses related to company meetings and conferences, partially offset by lower occupancy expense as a result of real estate restructuring actions taken in 2020, and a reduction in the year-over-year change in contingent acquisition obligations.

Depreciation and amortization, excluding amortization of acquired intangibles, as a percentage of revenue before billable expenses was 1.2% during the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, which decreased as compared to the prior-year periods.

CORPORATE AND OTHER

Corporate and Other is primarily comprised of selling, general and administrative expenses including corporate office expenses as well as shared service center and certain other centrally managed expenses that are not fully allocated to operating divisions; salaries, long-term incentives, annual bonuses and other miscellaneous benefits for corporate office employees; professional fees related to internal control compliance, financial statement audits and legal, information technology and other consulting services that are engaged and managed through the corporate office; and rental expense for properties occupied by corporate office employees. A portion of centrally managed expenses is allocated to operating divisions based on a formula that uses the planned revenues of each of the operating units. Amounts allocated also include specific charges for information technology-related projects, which are allocated based on utilization.

During the third quarter of 2022, Corporate and Other expenses decreased by $12.3 compared to the prior-year period to $20.0, primarily attributable to a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, which is discussed in the Results of Operations section. During the first nine months of 2022, Corporate and Other expenses decreased by $32.1 compared to the prior-year period to $61.9, primarily attributable to factors similar to those noted for the third quarter of 2022.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

CASH FLOW OVERVIEW

The following table summarizes key financial data relating to our liquidity, capital resources and uses of capital.


	Nine months ended September 30,
Cash Flow Data	2022		2021
Net income	$	650.2	$	604.8
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities 1	267.4		394.2
Net cash used in working capital 2	(1,523.6)		(315.7)
Changes in other non-current assets and liabilities	(52.8)		(74.7)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(658.8)	$	608.6
Net cash used in investing activities	(126.2)		(115.1)
Net cash used in financing activities	(652.9)		(467.8)

1Consist primarily of depreciation and amortization of fixed assets and intangible assets, amortization of restricted stock and other non-cash compensation, and deferred income taxes.

2Reflects changes in accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and contract liabilities.

Operating Activities

The presentation of the three components of net cash provided by operating activities above reflects the manner in which management views and analyzes this information. Management believes this presentation is useful as it presents cash provided by operating activities separately from the impact of changes in working capital, which is seasonal in nature and is impacted by the timing of media buying on behalf of our clients. Additionally, we view changes in other non-current assets and liabilities separately, as these items are not impacted by the factors described below.

Due to the seasonality of our business, we typically use cash from working capital in the first nine months of a year, with the largest impact in the first quarter, and generate cash from working capital in the fourth quarter, driven by the seasonally strong media spending by our clients. Quarterly and annual working capital results are impacted by the fluctuating annual media spending budgets of our clients as well as their changing media spending patterns throughout each year across various countries.

The timing of media buying on behalf of our clients across various countries affects our working capital and operating cash flow and can be volatile. In most of our businesses, our agencies enter into commitments to pay production and media costs on behalf of clients. To the extent possible, we pay production and media charges after we have received funds from our clients. The amounts involved, which substantially exceed our revenues, primarily affect the level of accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and contract liabilities. Our assets include both cash received and accounts receivable from clients for these pass-through arrangements, while our liabilities include amounts owed on behalf of clients to media and production suppliers. Our accrued liabilities are also affected by the timing of certain other payments. For example, while annual cash incentive awards are accrued throughout the year, they are generally paid during the first quarter of the subsequent year.

Net cash used in operating activities during the first nine months of 2022 was $658.8, which was an increase of $1,267.4 as compared to the first nine months of 2021, primarily due to an increase in working capital usage of $1,207.9. Working capital was primarily impacted by the variation in the timing of collections and payments around the reporting period, as well as the spending levels of our clients.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the first nine months of 2022 was $126.2, which was an increase of $11.1 as compared to the first nine months of 2021, primarily driven by decreases in net proceeds from investments. The payments for capital expenditures were $118.5 and $123.4 in the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and decrease in payments for capital expenditures resulted primarily from lower spend on leasehold improvements, partially offset by higher spend on computer hardware.

Financing Activities

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Net cash used in financing activities during the first nine months of 2022 was $652.9, primarily driven by the payment of common stock dividends of $345.1 and common stock repurchases of $221.6.

Net cash used in financing activities during the first nine months of 2021 was $467.8, primarily driven by payment for the early extinguishment of long-term debt of $1,066.8 and the payment of common stock dividends of $321.4, partially offset by the net proceeds of $998.1 from the issuance of our $500.0 aggregate principal amount of 2.400% unsecured senior notes due 2031 and $500.0 aggregate principal amount of 3.375% unsecured senior notes due 2041.

Foreign Exchange Rate Changes

The effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows resulted in a net decrease of $59.2 during the first nine months of 2022. The decrease was primarily a result of the U.S. Dollar being stronger than several foreign currencies, including the Euro, Australian Dollar and Indian Rupee as of September 30, 2022 as compared to December 31, 2021.

LIQUIDITY OUTLOOK

We expect our cash flow from operations and existing cash and cash equivalents to be sufficient to meet our anticipated operating requirements at a minimum for the next twelve months. We also have a commercial paper program, a committed corporate credit facility, and uncommitted lines of credit to support our operating needs. Borrowings under our commercial paper program are supported by our committed corporate credit agreement. We continue to maintain a disciplined approach to managing liquidity, with flexibility over significant uses of cash, including our capital expenditures, cash used for new acquisitions, our common stock repurchase program and our common stock dividends.

From time to time, we evaluate market conditions and financing alternatives for opportunities to raise additional funds or otherwise improve our liquidity profile, enhance our financial flexibility and manage market risk. Our ability to access the capital markets depends on a number of factors, which include those specific to us, such as our credit ratings, and those related to the financial markets, such as the amount or terms of available credit. There can be no guarantee that we would be able to access new sources of liquidity, or continue to access existing sources of liquidity, on commercially reasonable terms, or at all.

Funding Requirements

Our most significant funding requirements include our operations, non-cancelable operating lease obligations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, common stock dividends, taxes, and debt service. Additionally, we may be required to make payments to minority shareholders in certain subsidiaries if they exercise their options to sell us their equity interests.

Notable funding requirements include:

•Debt service – As of September 30, 2022, we had outstanding short-term borrowings of $55.8 from our uncommitted lines of credit used primarily to fund short-term working capital needs. The remainder of our debt is primarily long-term, with maturities scheduled from 2024 through 2048.

•Acquisitions – We paid deferred payments of $18.0 for prior-year acquisitions as well as ownership increases in our consolidated subsidiaries in the first nine months of 2022. In addition to potential cash expenditures for new acquisitions, we expect to pay approximately $16.0 over the next twelve months related to all completed acquisitions as of September 30, 2022. We may also be required to pay approximately $4.0 related to redeemable non-controlling interest held by minority shareholders, if exercised, over the next twelve months. Additionally, on September 23, 2022 we entered into a definitive purchase agreement to acquire approximately 83.9% of the outstanding shares of RafterOne, with options to purchase the remaining outstanding shares. The transaction closed on October 3, 2022 for a cash payment of $241.2, subject to customary closing adjustments. We will continue to evaluate strategic opportunities to grow and continue to strengthen our market position, particularly in our digital and marketing services offerings, and to expand our presence in high-growth and key strategic world markets.

•Dividends – In the first nine months of 2022, we paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.290 per share on our common stock, which corresponded to an aggregate dividend payment of $345.1. Assuming we pay a quarterly dividend of $0.290 per share, and there is no significant change in the number of outstanding shares as of September 30, 2022, we would expect to pay approximately $452.0 over the next twelve months. Whether to declare and the amount of any such future dividend is at the discretion of our Board of Directors (the "Board") and will depend upon factors such as our earnings, financial position and cash requirements.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

•Restructuring – All restructuring charges were identified and initiated in 2020, with all actions completed by the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. Restructuring charges of $0.7 during the first nine months of 2022 are adjustments to the actions taken in 2020. As of September 30, 2022, our remaining liability related to restructuring actions was $2.9.

Share Repurchase Program

In February 2022, our Board reauthorized a program to repurchase, from time to time, up to $400.0 of our common stock. As of September 30, 2022, $178.5, excluding fees, remains available for repurchase under the reauthorized share repurchase program. We may effect such repurchases through open market purchases, trading plans established in accordance with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") rules, derivative transactions or other means. The share repurchase program has no expiration date.

FINANCING AND SOURCES OF FUNDS

Substantially all of our operating cash flow is generated by our agencies. Our cash balances are held in numerous jurisdictions throughout the world, including at the holding company level. Below is a summary of our sources of liquidity.

Credit Agreement

We maintain a committed corporate credit facility, originally dated as of July 18, 2008, which has been amended and restated from time to time (the “Credit Agreement”). We use our Credit Agreement to increase our financial flexibility, to provide letters of credit primarily to support obligations of our subsidiaries and to support our commercial paper program. On November 1, 2021, we amended and restated the Credit Agreement. As amended, among other things, the maturity date of the Credit Agreement was extended to November 1, 2026 and the cost structure of the Credit Agreement was changed. The Credit Agreement continues to include a required leverage ratio of not more than 3.50 to 1.00, among other customary covenants, including limitations on our liens and the liens of our consolidated subsidiaries and limitations on the incurrence of subsidiary debt. At the election of the Company, the leverage ratio may be changed to not more than 4.00 to 1.00 for four consecutive quarters, beginning with the fiscal quarter in which there is an occurrence of one or more acquisitions with an aggregate purchase price of at least $200.0. The Credit Agreement is a revolving facility, under which amounts borrowed by us or any of our subsidiaries designated under the Credit Agreement may be repaid and reborrowed, subject to an aggregate lending limit of $1,500.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. The Company has the ability to increase the commitments under the Credit Agreement from time to time by an additional amount of up to $250.0, provided the Company receives commitments for such increases and satisfies certain other conditions. The aggregate available amount of letters of credit outstanding may decrease or increase, subject to a sublimit of $50.0, or the equivalent in other currencies. Our obligations under the Credit Agreement are unsecured. As of September 30, 2022, there were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement; however, we had $9.8 of letters of credit under the Credit Agreement, which reduced our total availability to $1,490.2.

We were in compliance with all of our covenants in the Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2022. Management utilizes Credit Agreement EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, as well as the amounts shown in the table below, calculated as required by the Credit Agreement, in order to assess our compliance with such covenants.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

Four Quarters
Ended

Financial Covenant

September 30, 2022

Credit Agreement EBITDA Reconciliation

September 30, 2022

Leverage ratio (not greater than) 1

3.50x

Net income available to IPG common stockholders

998.7

Actual leverage ratio

1.70x

Non-operating adjustments 2

395.2

Operating income

1,393.9

Add:

Depreciation and amortization

331.2

Other non-cash charges reducing operating income

11.5

Credit Agreement EBITDA 1

1,736.6

1The leverage ratio is defined as debt as of the last day of such fiscal quarter to EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for the four quarters then ended.

2Includes adjustments of the following items from our Consolidated Statements of Operations: provision for income taxes, total (expenses) and other income, equity in net income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates, and net income attributable to non-controlling interests.

Uncommitted Lines of Credit

We also have uncommitted lines of credit with various banks that permit borrowings at variable interest rates and that are primarily used to fund working capital needs. We have guaranteed the repayment of some of these borrowings made by certain subsidiaries. If we lose access to these credit lines, we would have to provide funding directly to some of our operations. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had uncommitted lines of credit in an aggregate amount of $801.6, under which we had outstanding borrowings of $55.8 classified as short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The average amount outstanding during the third quarter of 2022 was $63.3 with weighted-average interest rate of approximately 5.0%.

Commercial Paper

The Company is authorized to issue unsecured commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1,500.0. Borrowings under the program are supported by the Credit Agreement described above. Proceeds of the commercial paper are used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including the repayment of maturing indebtedness and other short-term liquidity needs. The maturities of the commercial paper vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. During the third quarter of 2022, there was no commercial paper activity, and as of September 30, 2022, there was no commercial paper outstanding.

Cash Pooling

We aggregate our domestic cash position on a daily basis. Outside the United States, we use cash pooling arrangements with banks to help manage our liquidity requirements. In these pooling arrangements, several IPG agencies agree with a single bank that the cash balances of any of the agencies with the bank will be subject to a full right of set-off against amounts other agencies owe the bank, and the bank provides for overdrafts as long as the net balance for all agencies does not exceed an agreed-upon level. Typically, each agency pays interest on outstanding overdrafts and receives interest on cash balances. Our unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets reflect cash, net of bank overdrafts, under all of our pooling arrangements, and as of September 30, 2022, the amount netted was $2,426.2.

DEBT CREDIT RATINGS

Our debt credit ratings as of October 18, 2022, are listed below.

Moody’s Investors Service

S&P Global Ratings

Fitch Ratings

Short-term rating

P-2

A-2

Long-term rating

Baa2

BBB

BBB+

Outlook

Stable

A credit rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning credit rating agency. The rating of each credit rating agency should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Credit ratings could have an impact on liquidity, either adverse or favorable, because, among other things, they could affect funding costs in the capital markets or otherwise. For example, our Credit Agreement fees and borrowing rates are

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

based on a credit ratings grid, and our access to the commercial paper market is contingent on our maintenance of sufficient short-term debt ratings.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in our 2021 Annual Report. As summarized in Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in our 2021 Annual Report, we believe that certain of these policies are critical because they are important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations, and they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to estimate the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These critical estimates relate to revenue recognition, income taxes, goodwill and other intangible assets, and pension and postretirement benefits. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be relevant under the circumstances. Estimation methodologies are applied consistently from year to year, and there have been no significant changes in the application of critical accounting estimates since December 31, 2021, other than as noted below. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

See Note 14 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on certain accounting standards that have been recently adopted or that have not yet been required to be implemented and may be applicable to our future operations.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE

This MD&A includes both financial measures in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as well as a non-GAAP financial measure. The non-GAAP financial measure represents Net Income Available to IPG Common Stockholders before Provision for Income Taxes, Total (Expenses) and Other Expense, Equity in Net Income of Unconsolidated Affiliates, Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests and Amortization of Acquired Intangibles, which we refer to as “Adjusted EBITA”.

Adjusted EBITA should be viewed as supplemental to, and not as an alternative for, Net Income Available to IPG Common Stockholders calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“net income”) or operating income calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (“operating income”). This section also includes reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures, as presented below.

Adjusted EBITA is used by our management as an additional measure of our Company’s performance for purposes of business decision-making, including developing budgets, managing expenditures and evaluating potential acquisitions or divestitures. Period-to-period comparisons of Adjusted EBITA help our management identify additional trends in our Company’s financial results that may not be shown solely by period-to-period comparisons of net income or operating income. In addition, we use Adjusted EBITA in the incentive compensation programs applicable to some of our employees in order to evaluate our Company’s performance. Our management recognizes that Adjusted EBITA has inherent limitations because of the excluded items, particularly those items that are recurring in nature. Management also reviews operating income and net income as well as the specific items that are excluded from Adjusted EBITA, but included in net income or operating income, as well as trends in those items. The amounts of those items are set forth, for the applicable periods, in the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITA to net income that accompany our disclosure documents containing non-GAAP financial measures, including the reconciliations contained in this MD&A.

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITA is useful to investors in their analysis of our results for reasons similar to the reasons why our management finds it useful and because it helps facilitate investor understanding of decisions made by management in light of the performance metrics used in making those decisions. In addition, as more fully described below, we believe that providing Adjusted EBITA, together with a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income, helps investors make comparisons between our Company and other companies that may have different capital structures, different effective income tax rates and tax attributes, different capitalized asset values and/or different forms of employee compensation. However, Adjusted EBITA is intended to provide a supplemental way of comparing our Company with other public companies and is not intended as a substitute for comparisons based on net income or operating income. In making any comparisons to other companies, investors need to be aware that companies may use different non-GAAP measures to evaluate their financial performance. Investors should pay close attention to the specific definition being used and to the reconciliation between such measures and the corresponding U.S. GAAP measures provided by each company under the applicable rules of the SEC.

The following is an explanation of the items excluded by us from Adjusted EBITA but included in net income:

•Total (Expenses) and Other Income, Provision for Income Taxes, Equity in Net Income of Unconsolidated Affiliates and Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests. We exclude these items (i) because these items are not directly attributable to the performance of our business operations and, accordingly, their exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance and (ii) to assist management and investors in making comparisons to companies with different capital structures. Investors should note that these items will recur in future periods.

•Amortization of Acquired Intangibles. Amortization of acquired intangibles is a non-cash expense relating to intangible assets arising from acquisitions that are expensed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related assets. We exclude amortization of acquired intangibles because we believe that (i) the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations and (ii) such expenses can vary significantly between periods as a result of new acquisitions and full amortization of previously acquired intangible assets. Accordingly, we believe that this exclusion assists management and investors in making period-to-period comparisons of operating performance. Investors should note that the use of intangible assets contributed to revenue in the periods presented and will contribute to future revenue generation and should also note that such expense may recur in future periods.

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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - (continued)

(Amounts in Millions, Except Per Share Amounts)

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the reconciliation of Net Income Available to IPG Common Stockholders to Adjusted EBITA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.



	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Revenue before billable expenses	$	2,296.2		$	2,261.7		$	6,898.9		$	6,559.0

Adjusted EBITA Reconciliation:
Net Income Available to IPG Common Stockholders 1	$	251.8		$	239.9		$	640.8		$	594.9

Add Back:
Provision for income taxes	76.4			73.9			209.2			184.4
Subtract:
Total (expenses) and other income	(10.4)			(33.2)			(80.5)			(190.1)
Equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates	2.5			0.2			3.3			0.4
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests	(5.7)			(4.7)			(9.4)			(9.9)
Operating Income 1	341.8			351.5			936.6			978.9
Add Back:
Amortization of acquired intangibles	20.2			21.5			62.6			64.7
Adjusted EBITA 1	$	362.0		$	373.0		$	999.2		$	1,043.6
Adjusted EBITA Margin on Revenue before billable expenses	15.8		%	16.5		%	14.5		%	15.9		%

1 Calculations include restructuring charges of $(5.8) and $0.7 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and $(3.5) and $(2.4) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. See “Restructuring Charges” in this MD&A and Note 7 in Item 1, Financial Statements, for further information.

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Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risks related to interest rates, foreign currency rates and certain balance sheet items. From time to time, we use derivative instruments, pursuant to established guidelines and policies, to manage some portion of these risks. Derivative instruments utilized in our hedging activities are viewed as risk management tools and are not used for trading or speculative purposes. There has been no significant change in our exposure to market risk during the third quarter of 2022. Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates primarily relates to the fair market value and cash flows of our debt obligations. As of both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately 97% of our debt obligations bore fixed interest rates. For further discussion of our exposure to market risk, refer to Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, in our 2021 Annual Report.


Item 4.			Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2022, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting in the quarter ended September 30, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION


Item 1.			Legal Proceedings

Information about our legal proceedings is set forth in Note 13 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Item 1A.			Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “2021 Annual Report”), which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. In the third quarter of 2022, there have been no material changes in the risk factors we have previously disclosed in Item 1A, Risk Factors, in our 2021 Annual Report. The risks described in our 2021 Annual Report are not the only risks we face, and additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition or operating results.


Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(c)The following table provides information regarding our purchases of our equity securities during the period from July 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022:


	Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased 1	Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) 2		Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 3	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs 3
July 1 - 31	941,244	$	27.76	937,853	$	226,155,813
August 1 - 31	756,014	$	29.58	755,524	$	203,809,533
September 1 - 30	932,242	$	27.22	929,200	$	178,516,700
Total	2,629,500	$	28.09	2,622,577

1The total number of shares of our common stock purchased includes shares withheld under the terms of grants under employee stock-based compensation plans to offset tax withholding obligations that arose upon vesting and release of restricted shares (the “Withheld Shares”). We repurchased 3,391 Withheld Shares in July 2022; 490 Withheld Shares in August 2022; and 3,042 Withheld Shares in September 2022, for a total of 6,923 Withheld Shares during the three-month period.

2The average price per share for each of the months in the fiscal quarter and for the three-month period was calculated by dividing (a) the sum for the applicable period of the aggregate value of the tax withholding obligations and the aggregate amount we paid for shares acquired under our share repurchase program, described in Note 5 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, by (b) the sum of the number of Withheld Shares and the number of shares acquired in our share repurchase program.

3On February 10, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors reauthorized a program to repurchase, from time to time, up to $400.0 million of our common stock (the "2022 Share Repurchase Program"). There is no expiration date associated with the 2022 Share Repurchase Program.


Item 6.			Exhibits

All exhibits required pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K to be filed as part of this report or incorporated herein by reference to other documents are listed in the Index to Exhibits below.

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.						Description

10.1						Extension of Existing Executive Change of Control Agreement between the Registrant and Philippe Krakowsky dated October 26, 2022.

10.2						Extension of Existing Executive Change of Control Agreement between the Registrant and Ellen Johnson dated October 26, 2022.

10.3						Extension of Existing Executive Change of Control Agreement between the Registrant and Andrew Bonzani dated October 26, 2022.

10.4						Extension of Existing Executive Change of Control Agreement between the Registrant and Christopher Carroll dated October 26, 2022.

31.1						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2						Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32						Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

101						Interactive Data File, for the period ended September 30, 2022. The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.

104						Cover Page Interactive Data File. The cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document and are included in Exhibit 101.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



			THE INTERPUBLIC GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC.

			By			/s/ Philippe Krakowsky
						Philippe Krakowsky Chief Executive Officer

Date: October 26, 2022




			By			/s/ Christopher F. Carroll
						Christopher F. Carroll Senior Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: October 26, 2022

Document

EXHIBIT 10.1

Amendment to Executive Change of Control Agreement

WHEREAS, Philippe Krakowsky (the “Executive”) and The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. (“Interpublic,” Interpublic and its subsidiaries being referred to herein as the “Company”) are parties to an Executive Change of Control Agreement dated as of May 27, 2010, as amended (the “Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Section 5.1 of the Agreement states that the Agreement will expire as of September 30, 2022;

WHEREAS, the Executive and the Company wish to extend the Agreement and make certain additional updates; and

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended, effective immediately, as follows:

1.Incorporation by Reference. All provisions of the Agreement are hereby incorporated herein by reference and shall remain in full force and effect except to the extent that such provisions are expressly modified by the provisions of this Amendment. Words and phrases used in this Amendment shall have the meaning set forth in the Agreement unless the context clearly indicates that a different meaning is intended.

2.Designated Number. Section 1.7 of the Agreement is amended by replacing “two (2)” with “two point five (2.5)”.

3.Extension. Section 5.1(a)(i) of the Agreement is amended by replacing “September 30, 2022” with “October 31, 2025”.

4.Notices. Section 5.9 of the Agreement is amended by replacing “, 1114 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, Attention:” with “at the then current address for Interpublic headquarters with Attention to the”.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Interpublic, by its duly authorized officer, and Executive have caused this Amendment to the Agreement to be executed.


The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.						Executive
By: /s/ Andrew Bonzani						By: /s/ Philippe Krakowsky
Andrew Bonzani						Philippe Krakowsky
EVP, General Counsel
Date: October 26, 2022						Date: October 26, 2022

Document

EXHIBIT 10.2

Amendment to Executive Change of Control Agreement

WHEREAS, Ellen Johnson (the “Executive”) and The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. (“Interpublic,” Interpublic and its subsidiaries being referred to herein as the “Company”) are parties to an Executive Change of Control Agreement dated as of May 27, 2010, as amended (the “Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Section 5.1 of the Agreement states that the Agreement will expire as of September 30, 2022;

WHEREAS, the Executive and the Company wish to extend the Agreement and make an administrative update; and

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended, effective immediately, as follows:

2.Extension. Section 5.1(a)(i) of the Agreement is amended by replacing “September 30, 2022” with “October 31, 2025”.

3.Notices. Section 5.9 of the Agreement is amended by replacing “, 1114 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, Attention:” with “at the then current address for Interpublic headquarters with Attention to the”.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Interpublic, by its duly authorized officer, and Executive have caused this Amendment to the Agreement to be executed.


The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.						Executive
By: /s/ Andrew Bonzani						By: /s/ Ellen Johnson
Andrew Bonzani						Ellen Johnson
EVP, General Counsel
Date: October 26, 2022						Date: October 26, 2022

Document

EXHIBIT 10.3

Amendment to Executive Change of Control Agreement

WHEREAS, Andrew Bonzani (the “Executive”) and The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. (“Interpublic,” Interpublic and its subsidiaries being referred to herein as the “Company”) are parties to an Executive Change of Control Agreement dated as of December 22, 2011 and amended on August 29, 2013, October 26, 2016, and July 24, 2019 (the “Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Section 5.1 of the Agreement states that the Agreement will expire as of September 30, 2022;

WHEREAS, the Executive and the Company wish to extend the Agreement and make an administrative update; and

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended, effective immediately, as follows:

2.Extension. Section 5.1(a)(i) of the Agreement is amended by replacing “September 30, 2022” with “October 31, 2025”.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Interpublic, by its duly authorized officer, and Executive have caused this Amendment to the Agreement to be executed.


The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.						Executive
By: /s/ Robert Dobson						By: /s/ Andrew Bonzani
Robert Dobson						Andrew Bonzani
SVP, Associate General Counsel & Secretary
Date: October 26, 2022						Date: October 26, 2022

Document

EXHIBIT 10.4

Amendment to Executive Change of Control Agreement

WHEREAS, Christopher Carroll (the “Executive”) and The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. (“Interpublic,” Interpublic and its subsidiaries being referred to herein as the “Company”) are parties to an Executive Change of Control Agreement dated as of May 27, 2010, as amended (the “Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Section 5.1 of the Agreement states that the Agreement will expire as of September 30, 2022;

WHEREAS, the Executive and the Company wish to extend the Agreement and make an administrative update; and

NOW, THEREFORE, the Agreement is hereby amended, effective immediately, as follows:

2.Extension. Section 5.1(a)(i) of the Agreement is amended by replacing “September 30, 2022” with “October 31, 2025”.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Interpublic, by its duly authorized officer, and Executive have caused this Amendment to the Agreement to be executed.


The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.						Executive
By: /s/ Andrew Bonzani						By: /s/ Christopher Carroll
Andrew Bonzani						Christopher Carroll
EVP, General Counsel
Date: October 26, 2022						Date: October 26, 2022

Document

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Philippe Krakowsky, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


			/s/ Philippe Krakowsky
			Philippe Krakowsky
			Chief Executive Officer

Date: October 26, 2022

Document

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Ellen Johnson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc.;

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.


			/s/ Ellen Johnson
			Ellen Johnson
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: October 26, 2022

Document

EXHIBIT 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer's knowledge, that:

The quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the quarterly report on Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.


			/s/ Philippe Krakowsky
			Philippe Krakowsky
			Chief Executive Officer

Dated: October 26, 2022


			/s/ Ellen Johnson
			Ellen Johnson
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Dated: October 26, 2022